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ePaper created 2017-03-17, 11:08:54 | version 1.38.0
Table 1 Studies demonstrating the clinical and histological characteristics of the prospective (cohort and case series) testing of allograft block grafts for horizontal and /or vertical bone augmentation of the atrophic maxilla. B i o m a t e r i a l s f o r o n l a y b o n e g r a f t s Membrane Additional grafting (Y/N) material/growth factor Healing period (months) Resorption (%) Histological analysis Newly formed bone (%) Characteristics N N Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y Y N Cancellous allograft particles N N N MCA + rhPDGF-BB N Freeze-dried allograft particles Particulate BBM Particulate BBM Particulate BBM 9 5 6 NC 9 5 6 NM 8 6 6 6 Y Particulate fresh-frozen 6 Y Y N N 7 4 11.45 ± 8.37 61.96 ± 11.77 NM NM NM NM NM NC NM 13.02 ± 3.86 NM 10.00 ± 1.00 NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 52.00 ± 25.87 NC 25.00 ± 12.73 NC NM NM NM NM NM NM A high number of empty osteocyte lacunae were still present and more fibrous tissue was present than in the samples taken previously. Newly formed bone was surrounded by nonvital bone with empty osteocyte lacunae. NM NM Mature and compact osseous tissue surrounded by marrow spaces Lamellar arrangement around Haversian canals interspersed with osteocytes in lacunae. No evidence of inflammatory infiltrate. The central portions revealed osteocytes with a higher number of empty lacunae. NM NM NM Newly formed bone with osteocytes was observed at all of the time points. Osteocyte presence was higher at 4 months. Vessels were also detected abundantly in the samples. NM NM NM Osteocyte lacunae were mostly empty. Newly formed bone contained viable osteocytes. Bone-forming osteoblasts and fluorescent labeling were detected. Dense connective tissue with the presence of inflammatory cells (WM score = 1.67) and eroded areas. Osteocyte lacunae were mostly empty. Newly formed bone contained viable osteocytes. Bone-forming osteoblasts and fluorescent labeling were detected. WM inflammatory score = 1. Large segments of necrotic bone with empty osteocyte lacunae and little osteoclastic activity. Blood vessels were invading the Haversian canals of the material. No direct contact was found between remodeled and grafted bone. Some osteoclastic activity surrounded by connective tissue with no presence of inflammatory cells by newly formed bone failed to invade the graft. Small areas of necrotic bone with abundant presence of osteocytes. No diference between the grafted and the host bone. NM Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Volume 3 | Issue 1/2017 25