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15 3 2016 laser case report | and debris removal in comparison with EDTA irriga- tion, hand activation or even ultrasonic activated ir- rigation,19,24,24–27 resulting in a significant clearance of canals/isthmuses prior obturation28 and less mi- croleakageofrootcanalfillingmaterials.29 Moreover, it has also been shown to be suitable for deep root canal system disinfection and to allow irrigation solutions to travel apically.22,30–32 In addition, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation has been shown to pro- duce clinically safe temperature increments along the root canal walls,32–35 together with absence of molecular dentine changes, signs of melting or car- bonisation.18,34,36 Previously, laser-assisted endodontic protocols consistedofusingplainfibres(withastraightforward emission beam profile). Generally, these fibres were placed in the main canal and withdrawn from apical to coronal in a rotating motion. However, such tech- nique is known to be sensitive and to produce incon- sistent results.18,35,37 Designed to overcome such limitations, radial fir- ing tips (RFT) present a beam expansion pattern— promoted by the tip geometry—that favours a ho- mogeneousenergydistributionalongtherootcanal wall. In contrast with plain fibres, RFT have been shown to produce consistently relevant in vitro re- sults. They are known to spread their energy in the direction of the dentinal tubules,22 to produce lower temperatureincrements,27 toincreasecavitationef- fects towards the root canal walls without harming periapicaltissues,38 tobehighlyefficientinbacterial and biofilm reduction39,40 and to allow irrigating solutionstotravelapicallybyovercomingtheairlock effect.41 Althoughsomeclinicalstudieshavedemonstrated the potential benefits and long-term outcomes after laser-assisted treatments,42,43 there is no mention of any IRR case treated with a laser-assisted technique. The report of distinct clinical cases with long-term follow-ups may be an additional support for an evi- dence-based proof of concept. Case report A 31-year-old female patient presented for con- sultation, complaining of recurrent swelling and painfulepisodesrelatedtotooth11,whichhadbeen treated with antibiotic prescriptions over the past fewyears.Thepatient’smedicalhistorywasnotcon- Publish your expertise! issn 2193-4665 Vol. 8 • Issue 3/2016 laser international magazine of laser dentistry 32016 research A novel blue light diode laser (445nm) for dental application case report Er,Cr:YSGG laser and Internal Root Resorptions practice management Pedonomics: lasers in paediatric dentistry Become an author for laser—international magazine of laser dentistry Please contact: Georg Isbaner · Editorial manager g.isbaner@oemus-media.de © Peshkova/Shutterstock.com OEMUS MEDIA AG · Holbeinstraße 29 · 04229 Leipzig · Germany · Phone: +49 341 48474-308 · grasse@oemus-media.de AD 32016 OEMUS MEDIA AG · Holbeinstraße 29 · 04229 Leipzig · Germany · Phone: +4934148474-308 · grasse@oemus-media.de