Please activate JavaScript!
Please install Adobe Flash Player, click here for download
ePaper created 2016-04-05, 13:01:42 | version 1.38.0
research | 19 1 2016 laser operations for removing the smear layer show better results.17 As our researches indicated, none of the studies carried out an evaluation of the effects of radiation conditions of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on removing the smear layer of the bone cavity for dental implants that report optimum radiation conditions. Hence, the objective of the current study is to evaluate various conditions of radiation of this particular laser for the removal of smear layer from bone cav- ity in in-vitro conditions. Materials and methods This is a semi-experimental in-vitro study per- formed on bone cavities drilled on the femur of a bovine calf. Bone preparation Initially, the femur bone of recently a slaugh- tered bovine calf was removed and kept in water of a temperature of 4 °C. Prior to the commencement of the tests, the bone surface was placed in ambi- ent temperature for twelve hours to be completely dried and then all residues were removed from the bone surface using sand paper, then washed by tab water and again placed in ambient temperature for the next twelve hours. In the next stage, 102 holes were drilled with a depth of 15 mm on the femur bone on the basis of NEOSS system implant proto- col for Pro Active Tapered implants with a diameter of 4.5 Ø, using Pilot Drill 2.2 Ø and a speed of 1,000 to 1,200 rpm.18 The space between the holes is 2 cen- timeters. Then the holes were categorised in 17 six-member groups which include 16 direct radia- tion groups and one control group. Then the holes were washed with water and placed in ambient temperature for twelve hours to be used in the laser intervention. Laser instrument In this study we applied a radiation of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser instrument configured with 16 settings (Figs. 1–6) on the bone cavity. The expo- sure conditions include power configuration rage No. Power (W) Frequency (Hz) Mode (H/S) Air (%) Water (%) Tip Time (S) 1 4.5 50 H 10 80 RFTP5 60 2 4.5 50 H 10 80 RFTP5 120 3 4.5 40 H 10 80 RFTP5 60 4 4.5 40 H 10 80 RFTP5 120 5 4.5 30 H 10 80 RFTP5 60 6 4.5 40 H 10 80 RFTP5 180 7 3 15 H 10 90 RFTP5 20 8 3 15 H 10 90 RFTP5 40 9 1.5 30 H 10 90 RFTP5 20 10 1.5 30 H 10 90 RFTP5 40 11 1.5 30 H 10 70 RFTP5 60 12 1.5 30 H 10 70 RFTP5 120 13 1.25 50 H 10 50 RFT2 60 14 1.25 50 H 10 50 RFT2 120 15 0.75 20 H 10 50 RFT2 60 16 0.75 20 H 10 50 RFT2 120 Table 1: Number of drilled cavities with smear layer in 16 studied groups. 12016 14.550 H 1080 RFTP5 60 24.550 H 1080 RFTP5 120 34.540 H 1080 RFTP5 60 44.540 H 1080 RFTP5 120 54.530 H 1080 RFTP5 60 64.540 H 1080 RFTP5 180 7315 H 1090 RFTP5 20 8315 H 1090 RFTP5 40 91.530 H 1090 RFTP5 20 101.530 H 1090 RFTP5 40 111.530 H 1070 RFTP5 60 121.530 H 1070 RFTP5 120 131.2550 H 1050 RFT2 60 141.2550 H 1050 RFT2 120 150.7520 H 1050 RFT2 60 160.7520 H 1050 RFT2 120