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ePaper created 2016-04-05, 13:01:42 | version 1.38.0
| research 22 laser 1 2016 application of 2.5 % hypochlorite solution for the removal of Enterococcus faecalis colonies from root canals. Their findings showed that the disin- fection capability of the laser radiation is increased through the elevation of power and exposure time; as for their study, the best result was achieved by a power of 325 mW with an application time of 120 seconds without using water cooling. This set- ting managed to achieve a 99.7 % success in disin- fection; disinfection processes using water showed better results compared to dry disinfection.64 Arnabat et al. evaluated the effects of laser radi- ation with power configurations of 1 and 2 Watts for application times of 30 and 60 seconds; they re- ported similar results in relation with power and time of the application in the removal of Enterococ- cusfaecalis. In their study, 5 % sodium hypochlorite solution treatment had the best disinfection perfor- mance and 2 Watts for 60 seconds, and 1 Watt for 120 seconds respectively showed second and third best disinfection performances.27 Various conven- tional chemical treatments are used as mouth- washes, dryer or disinfectants that sometimes are used as bactericides for the implant cavity. The most common agents are EDTA, Chlorhexidine and so- dium hypochlorite. Difference in disinfection capa- bility, restriction to some particular bacteria and cy- totoxicity are among the limitations of such chemi- cals.17, 28, 29 However, application of laser radiation can be considered as an alternative means for the removal of bacteria or a supplementary method used with chemical disinfectant agents. Conclusion In this study, findings were interpreted qualita- tively to introduce best radiation condition. De- spite the potential relation between application power and time to effectiveness, the removal of smear layer by laser showed no regular pattern. In our study, power configurations ranged from 0.75 to 4.5 Watts with various application times were studies featuring an application of 1.5 and 3 Watts of power achieved better results. However, research was subject to some limita- tions; in the study we did not evaluate bacterial or fungus germs that contaminated the cavities. Other negative aspects of the study were in-vitro environment and lack of comparison of effects of laser application and effects of mentioned chemi- cal treatment. Addressing such defects in future studies can result in more comprehensive results. In the end, our findings indicated that the appli- cation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser with power configura- tions of 1.5 and 3 Watts accompanied by air brush- ing and water cooling, with application times of 20 and 40 seconds, result in the most effective re- moval of smear layer. These conditions lead to bet- ter results in comparison with higher powers and exposure times; as the exposure time is reduced, the probability of tissue damage diminishes._ Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. contact Dr Alireza Mirzaee No. 5 parvaneh St. Gisha Bridge Tehran, Iran 1439914141 Tel.:+98 9125169865 alirezamirzaee56@gmail.com Kurz & bündig Im vorliegenden Artikel vergleicht der Autor eine Vielzahl von Studien zur Reduktion der Schmierschicht in Implan- tatbohrungen durch Laserbestrahlung sowie konventionelle Desinfektionsmethoden mit den Ergebnissen seiner eigenen Forschung. Im Anschluss an die Auswertung von fast 70 Quellen der zeitgenössischen Literatur zum Thema sowie der eigenen Studienergebnisse gelangt der Autor zu dem Fazit, dass die Entfernung der Schmierschicht durch den Dental- laser keine regulären Muster aufweise. Obwohl potenziell eine Abhängigkeit zwischen Applikationszeitpunkt, -dauer und Effektivität bestünde, konnte in der vorliegenden Studie keine Relation zwischen diesen Faktoren nachgewiesen werden. Der Autor weist jedoch darauf hin, dass umfassendere Ergebnisse erreicht werden könnten, wenn zukünftige Studien weitere Faktoren in die Auswertung einschlössen. Hierzu zählen Bakterien- und Pilzkeime in den Kavitäten sowie das in-vitro Umfeld und Vergleiche zu verschiedenen Laseranwendungen und der chemisch-basierten Schmierschichtentfer- nung. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie legen abschließend nahe, dass die Anwendung eines Er,Cr:YSGG-Lasers bei 1,5 und 3 Watt, in Kombination mit Airbrush und Wasserkühlung für eine Dauer von 20 bis 40 Sekunden am effek- tivsten sei. Mit der Reduktion der Anwendungsdauer verringere sich dabei die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Gewebeschäden. 12016 Tel.:+989125169865