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| industry Tab. 4: Final evaluation of defect filling/augmentation Pre-operative diagnosis Very good Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory No answer Bone augmentation/ regeneration (n = 41) Tolerability (n = 41) 21 (51.2 %) 24 (34.2 %) 11 (26.8 %) 14 (58.5 %) 3 (7.3 %) 4 (9.8 %) 2 (4.9 %) 0 1 (2.4 %) 2 (4.9 %) application the paste takes up growth factors by dif- fusion from the bony bed. In this process, the hyal- uronic acid gel presents the incoming cells with a matrix through which the fine CERASORB® Granules can be made accessible. The result is early vasculari- sation and rapid formation of new bone. The hyaluronic acid contained by the paste is a natural component of the extracellular matrix in hu- mans. Because of the water-rich, plastic hydrogel structure of CERASORB® Paste, the growth factors, proteins and minerals that are needed for bone for- mation can be rapidly taken up without a diffusion barrier. The end-products of the metabolic process of bone formation are absorbed into the hydrogel or passed on to the surrounding blood-vessels and bro- ken down by the body. According to the results of recent research, hyaluronic acid also stimulates the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts and has an anti-inflammatory effect.11 In two animal experiments (with rabbits) CERASORB® Paste was examined in detail in the distal femur and proximal tibia respectively. In both studies complete reconstruction of the bone struc- ture was achieved in six months. There was no evi- dence of inflammation, allergy or a foreign body reaction, which indicates that the paste was well tol- erated biologically.11,12 In another study (with sheep) CERASORB® Paste was used in a scapula defect. It was found that bone regeneration had occurred in the defects after six months and that the original bone structure with cortical bone and cancellous bone had been completely restored after twelve months. In all these studies both the β-TCP particles and the carrier substances were completely absorbed in parallel with the formation of new bone.13 If residues of CERASORB® particles are still visible on the X-rays, this is not automatically a sign of poor stability in the augmentation area or an absence of Tab. 4: After a total of 54–664 days (mean: 342 days; median: 381 days). 30 implants 2 2017 bone regeneration. It should always be remembered that an X-ray is a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional space. Histologically it has been shown in many cases that the absorption of the granules and the rebuilding of autochthonous bone were much more advanced than was thought to be visible on the X-ray. The main goal of this non-interventional study was to find out how the new product is applied and how it performs in standard dental procedures carried out by different users who are independent of each other. CERASORB® Paste proved to be an ideal synthetic bone regeneration material for the filling and aug- mentation of small dental bone defects; this material is absorbed while the body forms new bone of its own, as has already been reported by other authors.14 In 13 patients who took part in this non-interventional study, a total of 37 implants were placed, most frequently at #24, #26 and #14. 36 out of 37 implants were primarily stable. The bone quality at the time of implantation was judged to be optimal in twelve of 22 cases, as good in six cases, as adequate in one case and as inadequate in three cases. Summary CERASORB® Paste is a new type of bone regenera- tion material in paste form based on fine β-TCP gran- ules and hyaluronic acid matrix. In the present open multicentre study under everyday conditions this material showed itself to be suitable for filling smaller jaw defects, in particular because it is also easy to handle. It is noteworthy that no side effects of any kind and no intolerance reactions were observed._ Editorial note: This article was first published in DENT IMPLANTOL 21, 2, 84—89 (2017). Literature contact Henriette Lerner HL-Dentclinic Ludwig-Wilhelm-Straße 17 76530 Baden-Baden, Germany Tel.: +49 7221 39873-0 Fax: +49 7221 39873-10 info@hl-dentclinic.de Author details