Please activate JavaScript!
Please install Adobe Flash Player, click here for download
ePaper created 2016-09-20, 16:58:27 | version 1.38.0
Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Volume 2 | Issue 3/2016 67 i n v i t r o s t u d y o n v i s c o s i t y added. Its pH, specific gravity and other prop- erties are also similar to those of saliva, and the salivary viscosity was adjusted to 4~6 mm2 /s at 25 °C. Investigation of the low-viscosity solution also showed that the viscometer had high ac- curacy and very high repeat accuracy. Very high reproducibility too was evident when investiga- tingwhetherdisposabletubesandspheresaffect reproducibility. In addition, the investigation in whichthetestmaterialwaschangedalsoshowed veryhigh reproducibility.Thesefindings suggest that a measurement method using an EMS visc- ometer,hasthepotentialtoeasilyassesschanges in the properties of saliva, primarily viscosity, in small samples. Conclusion This study aimed to assess the measurement of viscosityusingthenewlydevelopedEMSviscom- eter, which demonstrated high reproducibility, therebyindicatingthatsimplemethodsforassess- ing saliva can be developed. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 1. Hershkovich O, Nagler RM. Biochemical analysis of saliva and taste acuity evaluation in patients with burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia and/or gustatory disturbances. → Arch Oral Biol. 2004 Jul;49(7):515–22. 2. Ito F. [The relationship between the viscosity of saliva and the periodontal disease]. → Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi. 1974 Sep;16(2):131–9. Japanese. 3. Hirotomi T, Yoshihara A, Ogawa H, Ito K, Igarashi A, Miyazaki H. A preliminary study on the relationship between stimulated saliva and periodontal conditions in community-dwelling elderly people. → J Dent. 2006 Oct;34(9):692–8. 4. Schroeder HE. Saliva viscosity and calculus formation in man. → Arch Oral Biol. 1964 Jan-Feb;9(1):65–74. 5. Animireddy D, Reddy Bekkem VT, Vallala P, Kotha SB, Ankireddy S, Mohammad N. Evaluation of pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate levels of saliva in caries-free, minimal caries and nursing caries children: An in vivo study. → Contemp Clin Dent. 2014 Jul;5(3):324–8. 6. Imura H, Shimada M, Yamazaki Y, Sugimoto K. Characteristic changes of saliva and taste in burning mouth syndrome patients. → J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Mar;45(3):231–6. 7. Kawanuma Y. [Saliva viscosity measurement in edentulous patients by original capillary viscometer]. → Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi. 1982 Feb;26(1):71–80. Japanese. 8. Roberts BJ. A study of the viscosity of saliva at different shear rates in dentate and edentulous patients. → J Dent. 1977 Dec;5(4):303–9. 9. Singh RK, Tandan BK, Agrawal NK. The viscosity of saliva as related to the retention of maxillary complete dentures. → J Indian Dent Assoc. 1982 Dec;54(12):449–51, 461. 10. Nordbo H, Darwish S, Bhatnagar, RS. Salivary viscosity and lubrification: influence of pH and calcium. → Scand J Dent Res. 1984 Aug;92(4):306–14. 11. Kitamura Y, Sato Y, Kitagawa N, Okane M, Hara S. Basic investigation of evaluation method of rheological characteristics of saliva. → Rōnen Shika Igaku. 2006 Sep;21(2):102–10. 12. Foglio-Bonda A, Pattarino F, Foglio-Bonda PL. Kinematic viscosity of unstimulated whole saliva in healthy young adults. → Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 Oct;18(20):2988–94. 13. Van der Reijden WA, Veerman EC, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Rheological properties of commercially available polysaccharides with potential use in saliva substitutes. → Biorheology. 1994 Nov-Dec;31(6):631–42. 14. Vissink A, Waterman HA, s-Gravenmade EJ, Panders AK, Vermey A. Rheological properties of saliva substitutes containing mucin, carboxymethylcellulose or polyethylenoxide. → J Oral Pathol. 1984 Feb;13(1):22–8. 15. Veerman EC, Vakentijn-Benz M, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Viscosity of human salivary mucins: effect of pH and ionic strength and role of sialic acid. → J Biol Buccale. 1989 Dec;17(4):297–306. 16. Rantonen PJ, Meurman JH. Viscosity of whole saliva. → Acta Odontol Scand. 1998 Aug;56(4):210–4. 17. Park MS, Chung JW, Kim YK, Chung SC, Kho HS. Viscosity and wettability of animal mucin solutions and human saliva. → Oral Dis. 2007 Mar;13(2):181–6. 18. Sakai K, Hirano T, Hosoda M. Electromagneti- cally spinning sphere viscometer. → Appl Phys Express. 2010 Jan;3(1):016602. 19. Yasuda M, Kurauchi N, Hara M, Nakamura M, Hosoda T, Hirano T, Sakai K. Rapid measurement of ultrahigh viscosity using an electro-magnetically spinning system. → Jpn J Appl Phys. 2014 Jul;53(7 Suppl):07KC01. 20. Fukunaga K, Onuki M, Ohtsuka Y, Hirano T, Sakai K, Ohgoe Y, Katoh A, Yaguchi T, Funakubo A, Fukui Y. Blood viscometer applying electromagnetically spinning method. → J Artif Organs. 2013 Sep;16(3):359–67. References Volume 2 | Issue 3/201667