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76 — issue 2016 Periodontics Article COMPARATIVE STUDY — of implant placement torque and resonance frequency analysis on the implant and abutment — Dr. Débora Barella Salatti, D.D.S., is a postgraduate student at São Leopoldo Mandic dental school in Campinas, Brazil. She can be contacted at deborasalatti@gmail.com. — Dr. Rafael de Mello e Oliveira, D.D.S., M.D., is a specialist trainee in implant dentistry and prostho- dontics at São Leopoldo Mandic dental school. — Dr. Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., teaches dentistry at São Leopoldo Mandic dental school. He can be contacted at marceloltx@gmail.com. — Dr. Sérgio Rocha Bernardes, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., is a researcher at ILAPEO in Curitiba, Brazil. He can be contacted at sgomes@neodent.com. — Dr. André Antonio Pelegrine, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., teaches dentistry at São Leopoldo Mandic dental school. He can be contacted at pelegrineandre@gmail.com. Rua das Areias, 37 Cambuí Campinas São Paulo 13024-530 Brazil T +55 19 3272 5219 Drs. Débora Barella Salatti, Rafael de Mello e Oliveira, Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira, Sérgio Bernardes & André Antonio Pelegrine, Brazil Introduction The long-term clinical success of dental implantsisdependentuponosseointegra- tion,whichisdefinedasadirectfunctional and structural connection between the bone and implant surface.1 Primary stabil- ityis,therefore,paramount.Severalmeth- ods have been used to determine implant stability; however, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is considered the most ac- curate. Despite RFA having been used since1980inorthopedics,ithasonlybeen used in implantology since the 1990s, when it was described by Meredith2 and has been widely used ever since.3 When evaluating the stability of im- plants, quantitative methods such as RFA can yield valuable information that could contribute to long-term treatment suc- cess.2 RFAallowsmeasurementsofstabil- ity on a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 100, and such measurements can be ob- tained soon after implant placement or at any time during healing.4 According to Nedir et al., RFA may aid in the decision- making process regarding the best time for seating of the prosthesis on the im- plant during the healing period.5 Currently,thedemandforestheticden- tistry is increasing; therefore, immediate loading approaches, in whichthe prosthe- sisisseatedontheimplantinthesameses- sion,havebeenwidelyused.6–10 Neverthe- less,loadcanonlybeappliediftheimplant presents sound primary stability. Further torque will be applied when seating the abutment on the implant, which may pre- vent future RFA measurements directly on the implant, since removal of torqued abutments may impair osseointegration during the healing period. In order for an implant to be able to re- ceive immediate loading, it is necessary for the final placement torque to be high.11 However, studies comparing RFA with measurements obtained directly from the implant and abutment com- bined are scarce. Therefore, the objec- tives ofthe present studywereto analyze the resonance frequency of the implant and abutment set immediately after placement andto comparethem withthe final placement torque. Patient selection Nine patients, five males and four fe- males, were evaluated in this study, with 17 implants being placed in different areas of both arches. The patients were at- tended to by undergraduate students of the São Leopoldo Mandic dental school (Campinas, Brazil) throughout 2014. The patients were assessed and those found not to have any systemic diseases that would affect the healing process of the implant were included. Patients with a systemic disease or insufficient bone quality were excluded. Preoperative procedures Each patient underwent computed to- mographyscansinordertosurveythearea wheretheimplantwouldbeplaced,aswell as to classify the type of bone, including height and width measurements in order to select the most suitable implant design for each situation. A full blood count and coagulation screen were performed for each patient. Article_Saletti_00-00.qxp_Layout 1 02.03.16 20:53 Seite 1 T +551932725219 Article_Saletti_00-00.qxp_Layout 102.03.1620:53 Seite 1