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02 ASIA PACIFIC NEWS Dental Tribune Asia Pacific Edition | 6/2017 Unique root canal anatomy patterns in Indian population By DTI NAVI MUMBAI, India: Provisional findings of an Indian study have suggested that the root canal anat- omy of Indians might differ from those of other ethnicities, and hence, they may require adapted care during root canal therapy. The study, which began two years ago, is being jointly conducted by researchers at two local dental colleges, Terna Dental College and the Government Dental College in Mumbai. Under the supervision of col- lege deans Drs Shishir Singh and Mansingh Pawar, about 20 stu- dents involved in the research project have been investigating 5,000 teeth that were provided by dental colleges and hospitals in the region. The results showed that the anatomy of the mandibular ca- ican and African teeth. Conse- quently, the researchers con- cluded that Indians might re- quire special care during dental treatment in order to ensure treatment success. Explaining the tooth prepara- tion process, Singh said that the teeth are cleaned and disinfected before the root canals are accessed and dye is injected into them. After drying and decalcification, the specimens are dehydrated in ascending concentrations of methanol, Singh told The Times of India. “The students study the specimens under special halogen lighting and the root canal anat- omy is classified using interna- tionally accepted classifications,” Singh explained regarding the research method. The study is ongoing and the researchers hope to make further findings, Singh said. nines and second premolars was more complex than that of teeth from other ethnicities. For ex- ample, the investigators found that the extra mesiobuccal canal often seen in European, Thai and Japanese populations was rare in the Indian maxillary mo- lars examined. In addition, In- dian teeth showed root canal anatomy patterns that were dif- ferent from those seen in Amer- Neanderthal used natural analgesics, calculus shows By DTI ADELAIDE, Australia/LIVERPOOL, UK: Ancient DNA in the calcified den- tal plaque of Neanderthals—the nearest extinct relative to hu- mans—has provided new insights into their behaviour, diet and evo- lutionary history. An international team of researchers has analysed 42,000- to 50,000-year-old dental plaque DNA samples from four Neanderthals found at cave sites in Belgium and Spain. The find- ings revealed the complexity of Neanderthal behaviour, including knowledge of plant-based medica- tion and dietary differences. According to the researchers, DNA preserved in the dental plaque of Neanderthals is a notable source of information about the behaviour and health of ancient hominin spec- imens. From analysing the dental plaque DNA samples, the researchers learnt that the Neanderthals from the cave sites of Spy in Belgium con- sumed woolly rhinoceros, European wild sheep and wild mushrooms. In contrast, those from El Sidrón cave in Spain appeared to have a vegetarian diet, including moss, mushrooms, pine nuts and tree bark, but no evi- dence of meat was found. These findings demonstrate that these two groups had very different diets. “Dental plaque traps microor- ganisms that lived in the mouth and pathogens found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as bits of food stuck in the teeth— preserving the DNA for thousands of years,” said lead author Dr Laura Weyrich, Australian Research Coun- cil Discovery Early Career Research Fellow at the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) of the Univer- sity of Adelaide. She added, “One of the most surprising finds, however, was in a Neanderthal from El Sidrón, who suffered from a dental abscess vis- ible on the jawbone. The plaque showed that he also had an intesti- nal parasite that causes acute diar- rhoea, so clearly he was quite sick. He was eating poplar, which con- tains the pain killer salicylic acid (the active ingredient of aspirin), and we could also detect a natural antibiotic mould (Penicillium) not seen in the other specimens.” Furthermore, dietary differ- ences were associated with a gen- eral shift in the oral microbiota, suggesting that meat consumption contributed to substantial variation in this regard. “Not only can we now access direct evidence of what our ancestors were eating, but differ- ences in diet and lifestyle also seem to be reflected in the commensal bacteria that lived in the mouths of both Neanderthals and modern hu- mans,” said co-author Prof. Keith Dobney, from the University of Liv- erpool. “Major changes in what we eat have, however, significantly al- tered the balance of these microbial communities over thousands of years, which in turn continue to have fundamental consequences for our own health and well-being.” The study, titled “Neanderthal behaviour, diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calcu- lus”, was published on 20 April in the Nature journal. It was conducted by ACAD in collaboration with the Uni- versity of Liverpool in the UK. IMPRINT GROUP EDITOR: Daniel ZIMMERMANN newsroom@dental-tribune.com Tel.: +44 161 223 1830 MANAGING EDITOR AP: Kristin HÜBNER EDITOR: Yvonne BACHMANN ONLINE EDITOR/SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER: Claudia DUSCHEK MANAGING EDITOR & HEAD OF DTI COMMUNICATION SERVICES: Marc CHALUPSKY JUNIOR PR EDITORS: Brendan DAY Julia MACIEJEK COPY EDITORS: Sabrina RAAFF Ann-Katrin PAULICK CLINICAL EDITORS: Magda WOJTKIEWICZ Nathalie SCHÜLLER PUBLISHER/PRESIDENT/CEO: Torsten R. 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