Dental Tribune Asia Pacific Edition No. 3, 2018

06 WORLD NEWS Dental Tribune Asia Paciﬁ c Edition | 3/2018 Study shows toothpastes do not protect fully against erosion and hypersensitivity By DTI BERN, Switzerland: Over the years, more and more toothpastes have been released on to the market claiming to aid with one thing or another—with a particular focus on dentine hypersensitivity and dental erosion. However, in a new study, researchers have shown that, out of nine analysed tooth- pastes, none were capable of miti- gating enamel surface loss, a key factor in tooth erosion and den- tine hypersensitivity. Conducted at the University of Bern in Switzerland with the participation of a researcher sup- ported by a scholarship from the São Paulo Research Foun- dation, the researchers tested eight toothpastes claiming to be anti-erosive and/or desensi- tising and one control tooth- paste, all of which are available from pharmacies in Brazil and Europe. “Research has shown that dentine must be exposed with open tubules in order for there to be hypersensitivity, and erosion is one of the causes of dentine ex- posure. This is why, in our study, we analysed toothpastes that claim to be anti-erosive and/or desensitising,” said lead author of the study Dr Samira Helena João- Souza, a PhD student at the De- partment of Restorative Dentistry at the University of São Paulo’s School of Dentistry in Brazil. To simulate the effect on tooth enamel of brushing once a day with exposure to an acid solution for ﬁ ve consecutive days, the study used human premolars donated for scientiﬁ c research purposes, artiﬁ cial saliva and an automatic brushing machine. The physical analysis consisted of weighing the abrasive particles contained in the toothpastes, measuring their size and testing the ease with which the toothpaste mixed with artiﬁ - and not as a full treatment. Ac- cording to João-Souza, at least three factors are required for a comprehensive approach: treat- ment prescribed by a dentist, use of an appropriate toothpaste and a change in lifestyle. “Dental erosion is multifactorial. It has to do with brushing, and above all, with diet. Food and drink are increasingly acidic as a result of industrial pro- cessing,” she said. “We’re now working on other studies relating to dentine in order to think about possibilities, given that none of these toothpastes was found capable of preventing den- tal erosion or dentine hypersensi- tivity, which is a cause of concern,” said Aranha. The study “Chemical and phys- ical factors of desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes associated with lower erosive tooth wear” was published on 20 December 2017 in the Scientiﬁ c Reports journal. cial saliva could be spread on the tooth surface. According to the results, all of the analysed toothpastes caused progressive tooth surface loss in the ﬁ ve-day period. “None of them was better than the others. Indica- tion will depend on each case. The test showed that some [tooth- pastes] caused less surface loss than others, but they all resem- © gvictoria/Shutterstock.com bled the control toothpaste [for] this criterion. Statistically, they were all similar, although numeri- cally, there were differences,” said co-author of the article and João-Souza’s doctoral supervisor, Dr Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha. The authors of the study em- phasised that these toothpastes perform a function, but that they should be used as a complement Wine polyphenols may prevent caries and periodontal disease By DTI WASHINGTON, US: Evidence sug- gests that sipping red wine has several health beneﬁ ts for the body, possibly because of the bev- erage’s abundant and structurally diverse polyphenols and probiotic strains. a Now, study, published through the American Chemical Society, has reported that wine polyphenols might also be good for oral health by preventing the adhe- AD sion of bacteria that could cause periodontitis and other diseases. Conventionally, some health beneﬁ ts of polyphenols have been attributed to these compounds be- ing antioxidants, meaning they likely protect the body from harm caused by free radicals. However, recent research indicates that polyphenols might also promote health by actively interacting with bacteria in the gut. Study author Dr M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, Di- rector of the Instituto de Investi- gación en Ciencias de la Aliment- ación, Madrid, Spain, and her col- leagues aimed investigate whether wine and grape polyphe- nols would also protect teeth and gingivae, and how this could work on a molecular level. to The Spanish researchers stud- ied the effect of two red wine polyphenols, as well as commer- cially available grape seed and red wine extracts, on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nuclea- tum and Streptococcus mutans bacteria, which are associated with dental caries and periodontal dis- ease. Working with cells that model gingival tissue, they found that the two wine polyphenols— caffeic and p-coumaric acids—in isolation were generally better than the total wine extracts at re- ducing the bacteria’s ability to ad- here to the cells. When combined with Strepto- coccus dentisani, which is believed to be an oral probiotic, the polyphenols had an even better anti-adhesive capacity. The re- searchers also showed that metab- olites formed when digestion of the polyphenols begins in the mouth might be responsible for some of these effects. The study, titled “Inhibition of oral pathogens adhesion to hu- man gingival ﬁ broblasts by wine polyphenols alone and in combi- nation with an oral probiotic,” was published online in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry on 21 February. 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Dental Tribune Asia Pacific Edition No. 3, 2018

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