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ePaper created 2017-11-09, 09:28:26 | version 1.38.0
| research m o © T 12 implants 1 2017 o k.c c uttersto h /S atito m Microparticles released by titanium on the immunological mechanism of the body could possibly initiate peri-implantitis. Pictured: Titanium-infused quartz crystal cluster. other hand have no effect on the release of TNF-.34 Ti- tanium microparticles are released as a result either of friction, electrochemical corrosion, or the synergistic ef- fect of both and can either be taken up by macrophages, remain in the intercellular space near the releasing site, or systemically migrate in organs such as liver, spleen and lung, as Olmedo et al. (2003 and 2002) found.35, 36 Same group of authors made a long-term evaluation of the distribution, destination, and potential risk of both TiO2 and ZrO2 microparticles, in an animal study.37 They evaluated: (a) the presence of particles in blood cells and liver and lung tissue, (b) Ti and Zr deposit quantitation, (c) oxidant-antioxidant balance in tissues, and (d) O2– generation in alveolar macrophages. Ti and Zr particles were detected in blood mononu- clear cells and in organ parenchyma. At equal doses and times post administration, Ti content in organs was con- sistently higher than Zr content. Ti elicited a significant in- crease in O2– generation in the lung compared to Zr. The consumption of antioxidant enzymes was greater in the Ti than in the Zr group. Conclusion Scientific studies are promptly needed to fulfil gaps like long-term clinical evaluations of all existing zirconia implant systems. Protocols used to design, manufacture and test titanium implants cannot simply apply to produce and evaluate the zirconia ones. Every step, from produc- tion to surgery and prosthetic reconstruction needs to be carefully planned, with respect to the properties of the new material. Ac- cordingly, the advantages of zirconia would be fully beneficial and the risk of failure could be mini mised. Literature contact Dr Sofia Karapataki Implant and Periodontal Clinic Adrianeiou 42 11525 Athens, Greece Tel.: +30 210 671138-0 info@skarapataki.gr www.leadingimplantcenters.com Author details