B4 ◊Page B3 full contour (Dentin A2), the hori- zontal line was checked with the putty key (Fig. 8). After the cut-back, the mamelons were shaped. FD-91 (Fluo Dentin Light; 50%) with DA2 (50%), A1, and A1 (50%) with E58 (Enamel; 50%) were alternated, as shown in Figures 9a & b. In the cervical part, this mixture was also used. This mixture could be called an enamel blocker; it works as a softer transmitter of the colour. This mixture can also be used as a transition towards the enamel in the incisal third; however, in this case, it was used as a softer, lighter cervical part. It is all about breaking the light with a chameleon effect inside the material. If the mamelons are to be clearly dis- tinguished from the dentine mate- rial, CL-F should be applied on top of the mamelons (Fig. 10). For floating mamelons, a wall of CL-F is applied to the cut-back, then the mamelons are created and then again a layer of CL-F is applied. In this case, it was chosen to have the mamelons differentiated from the dentine material. This first bake is the colour firing (Fig. 11); if the colour is not chromatic enough or already too chromatic, it is easier to adapt in this phase. After application of the enamel material, colours should no longer be adapted because this will destroy the appear- ance, which could become very grey- ish. The enamel firing could be consid- ered the morphological firing. For the enamel, a mixture of E58, EI-14 (Enamel Intensive Yellow) and EOP Booster in three equal parts was used (Fig. 12). The program was exactly the same as for the colour firing. LAB TRIBUNE Dental Tribune Middle East & Africa Edition | 4/2021 About the authors: Bob Bosman Elst He graduated in 1991 as a dental tech- nician. While working at his own inde- pendent dental laboratory in Belgium, he has continuously been working on expansion and developing innovative techniques for the dental industry. Over the years, he has participated in more than 40 master courses, including those by Brüsch, Tyszko, Cagaro, Adolfi, Galle, Hegenbarth, Sieber and Polansky, either as a lecturer or as an active participant. His work has been recognised by many in the field. In 2007, Elst won the third prize (in the Young Ceramics category) during the world tour of Nobel Biocare in Las Vegas in the US. He came in as the first European of all the participants in this highly reputable event. He set up a help desk for dentists, covering all aspects of implant-supported restora- tions and porcelain. In 2017, he became a trainer of the GC Europe Campus, where he found the perfect forum for sharing his passion and experience. Dr Marco Tudts He graduated as a dentist from KU Leu- ven in Belgium in 1991 and completed his postgraduate qualification in aesthetic and prosthetic dentistry in 1994. For 12 years, he was a part-time associate at KU Leuven, complex rehabilitation being his major research topic, and participated in various multicentre studies. In 1996, he started a multidisciplinary private practice, special- ised in complex rehabilitation, which he is still running. In 2004, he obtained an MSc in dental implantology from Montefiore Medical Center in New York in the US. In 2008, he opened a look-over-shoulder training facility for dentists focusing on implantology, 3D technology, CAD/CAM and 3D guided surgery. He is the developer of the Navigator System for guided surgery (Zimmer Biomet Dental). Since 2015, he has been a staff member in the Department ofOral Health Sciences at Ghent University in Belgium. Here, he is currently preparing his PhD dissertation on 3D-guided surgery under Prof. H. De Bruyn. AD Fig. 17: Night guard to protect the restorations and periodontal tissue. The correction firing was done with the same mixture, but diluted with a fourth part of CL-F (Fig. 13). The temperature was dropped by 5°C. In case another firing is necessary, the temperature can be dropped by an extra 2 °C. After finishing of the structure, the crown was glazed with just some liquid, at 50°C lower than normal. The intention was to seal the sur- face. After this firing, the crowns were hand polished with a mixture of pumice and 50 µm aluminium oxide (Fig. 14). The preparations were cleaned and isolated with re- traction cords (Fig. 15). The crowns were cemented with a resin-mod- ified glass ionomer (GC Fuji PLUS CAPSULE, GC). The cement excess was easily removed when the rub- bery state was reached, and mar- gins were polished. Fig. 18: Final result, portrait. The patient was satisfied with the aesthetics and function of his new smile. Increasing the vertical dimension is often a challenging task. The tempo- risation phase was used to evaluate the influence of the increase on the temporomandibular function. Aside from the function, restoring the ver- tical dimension had a positive influ- ence on the aesthetic appearance. Af- ter treatment, a better balance in the facial dimensions as well as a fuller, more youthful smile could be seen (Figs. 16–18). Editorial note: This articles was published in CAD/ CAM—international magazine of dental laboratories vol. 12, issue 1/2021. SUBSCRIBE NOW DTI—international magazine subscriptions Read premium content at your leisure Browse all specialty magazine titles and subscribe to your print editions or e-papers using the above QR code or at: www.dental-tribune.com/shop