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| content Cover image: LuckyStep | Shutterstock.com issn 2193-4673 • Vol. 1 • Issue 1/2020 1/20 digital international magazine of digital dentistry trends & applications Digital dentistry in daily practice case report Digital workfl ow versus conventional approach in aesthetic dentistry feature Dental startups are harnessing artifi cial intelligence 04 1 2020 editorial digital is here! Dr Scott D. Ganz trends & applications Digital dentistry in daily practice Dr Edouard Lanoiselée page 22 education The integration of CAD/CAM into dental school curricula Brendan Day case report Digital workfl ow versus conventional approach in aesthetic dentistry Dr Florin Lazarescu A new smile in one day Dr Gustavo Harfagar page 34 The copyCAD Dr Yassine Harichane Immediate post-extraction implants in the anterior maxilla Drs Gian Battista Greco & Danilo Alessio Di Stefano Digital workfl ow with a metal-free surgical guide and zirconia implant Dr Saurabh Gupta Treatment of an edentulous space with a digital workfl ow Prof. Heinz Kniha, Thomas Lassen & Dr Kristian Kniha 03 16 10 14 22 26 30 34 38 page 52 special report Digitally fabricated bulb obturator using virtual data and 3D printing 42 Dr Tariq Saadi manufacturer news feature Dental startups are harnessing artifi cial intelligence Jeremy Booth practice management “As dental coaches, we are servants in a noble profession” An interview with Kirk Behrendt meetings Nobel Biocare Global Symposium 2020 postponed to early 2021 about the publisher submission guidelines international imprint 48 52 56 58 60 62

| trends & applications Digital dentistry in daily practice Dr Edouard Lanoiselée, France How can a patient’s treatment be optimised? How can both speed and efficiency be increased without sacrificing quality? These questions are constantly being asked in our practices. Our patients’ demands are becoming increasingly advanced in terms of aes- thetic and functional results, yet they have ever less time to dedicate to treatments. We now have a great deal of equipment at our disposal that enables this optimisation. Many of these tools are digital and as such allow us to digitise our patient files in order to transfer as much information as possible to the pros- thetic laboratory. This information can thus be prior- itised and streamlined to be processed in the lab- oratory by the appropriate people in the respective field (modelling, ceramic coating, etc.). In this effort to centralise information, colour is a complex area that requires extensive resources in terms of information. It is usually assessed in the chair by means of com- parison of the patient’s teeth to one or more shade guides. This reading is influenced by many factors, and results can be significantly affected by surround- ing interference (brightness of the room, bright colour of lipstick, etc.), making it particularly subjective.1, 2 Dental photography is now considered an excellent way to convey colour information. It requires the pros- thetist to use a shade guide as a reference to en- sure that the information is as objective as possible. Working with dental photography, however, increases working time, as the prosthetist has to perform map- Fig. 1 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Figs. 1 & 2: Initial situation: teeth #22 and #23 required restoration. Fig. 3: Colour reading sheet on the tooth to be treated. Fig. 4: Colour reading sheet on the contralateral tooth. Fig. 5: Translucency, detailed (pixel by pixel) and 9 parts shade mappings. Fig. 6: Optical impression. Fig. 7: Reduction control. Fig. 8: Optical impression of the preparation (with TRIOS 4, 3Shape). 06 1 2020

| trends & applications rehydrated and the periodontal tissue that had been pushed in when the dam was put in place had re- sumed its original position (Fig. 13). It was evident that the restoration had integrated well. The use of digital techniques means that it is now possible to create simple and reproducible proto- cols. If the practitioner or prosthetist encounters dif- ficulties, these can be analysed and resolved quickly. While shape can now easily be checked by the prac- titioner, colour is one of the crucial points to master during procedures. Spectrophotometers such as the Rayplicker now offer a simple, fast and effective solu- tion. The secure platform facilitates interaction be- tween the practice and the prosthetic laboratory, as well as confirms receipt of documents, centralises in- formation and provides the option of enhancing the content with photographs clarifying the surface qual- ities and characterisations required for the integration of the prosthesis. All these elements combined deliver qualitative and rapid results in line with patients’ ex- pectations. Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. about Fig. 14 Fig. 14: Spectrophotometer Rayplicker developed by BOREA. The optical impression of the preparation was then performed (Fig. 8). To do this, tooth #23 was erased on the initial impression and then the area was reg- istered. This would enable the impressions to be merged easily in the laboratory to control the model- ling process. All the information was then sent to the laboratory (shade sheet and optical impression). In both cases, the files were sent via a secure portal with the option of verifying receipt by the dental surgeon. The veneer was then modelled in the Dental System software (3Shape; Fig. 9) and then printed in burnout resin on a 3D printer. It was then processed conven- tionally using the pressed ceramic technique, as the fineness of the veneer is not easily compatible with a machining technique (Fig. 10). After curettage and sealing of the lesion on tooth #22, the veneer was placed with a try-in paste (Fig. 11). The patient confirmed the result, and then the veneer was glued on to the tooth. Only light-polymerised glue (G-CEM veneer, GC) is used for this—the advantage of this type of glue is the longer working time and therefore the management of excess glue, which is easier to remove. After thorough polishing, the dental dam was removed and a final polish was performed (Fig. 12). The patient was seen again at four months, when she returned from abroad for a check-up. The teeth were Dr Edouard Lanoiselée graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Nantes in France and later obtained a master’s degree in medical sciences. He worked as a university hospital assistant at the teaching and research centre of the Nantes university hospital in the prosthetic department. He is the coordinator of the aesthetic dental restoration university degree at the University of Nantes and a consultant to the implantology department of Nantes uni- versity hospital. Dr Lanoiselée is a CAD/CAM specialist and a partner at a general dental practice in Nozay in France. 08 1 2020

| education The integration of CAD/CAM into dental school curricula By Brendan Day, DTI By this point, the benefits of employing digital technolo- gies in the dental practice and laboratory have been well documented. CAD/CAM was developed for commercial use in the 1980s at the University of Zurich in Switzerland by Prof. Werner H. Mörmann and Dr Marco Brandestini, and its usefulness for creating dental restorations and orthodontic appliances has grown in the decades since, as has its reputation. FDI World Dental Federation, the principal representative body for more than one million dentists worldwide, went so far as to issue a policy state- ment in 2017 declaring that it supports “the research and development of CAD/CAM dentistry to improve the quality of the final product and allow for cost reduction”. What has been less covered, however, is the role that CAD/CAM can play in tertiary dental education as both a teaching aid and a tool for future dentists to experience in a preclinical setting. In contrast to older dentists who may have had to learn how to use these technologies from scratch, today’s dental students are frequently digital natives, already well versed in using computers by the time they reach university. As a result, they often have Fig. 1 Fig. 1: Dr Mojdeh Dehghan, an associate professor and Chair of the Department of General Dentistry at the University of Tennessee College of Dentistry in the US. 10 1 2020 an increased affinity for the incorporation of CAD/CAM into their learning experiences. A 2015 article in Inside Dentistry asserted that 76 per cent of American dental schools have at least one CEREC unit from Dentsply Sirona, perhaps the piece of CAD/CAM equipment most commonly found in dental practices. However, this level of access to such technology is no- where near guaranteed, according to a survey that was the subject of a report by Dental Tribune International in 2017. Most British dentists stated that they did not use any CAD/CAM equipment in their practices, even though 89 per cent of them admitted that it had a major role to play in the future of dentistry. So how has CAD/CAM been integrated into dental school curricula to this point? The University of Tennessee College of Dentistry—a trendsetting school One of the first dental schools to incorporate CAD/CAM into its undergraduate curriculum was the College of Dentistry at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in the US. In 2001, the school invested in a CEREC 3 unit from Sirona—having tested five CEREC 2 units the summer before—and, slowly but surely, let its students experience at first hand the potential of this digital technology. Dr Mojdeh Dehghan, an associate professor and Chair of the Department of General Dentistry, was one of the chief drivers of this technological shift. She outlined to Den- tal Tribune how the dental school’s curriculum integrates CAD/CAM technology from the very first day of students’ preclinical studies, which allows them to gain a better un- derstanding of what their eventual clinical study will entail. “Before the end of their first year, our undergraduate students have not only been introduced to CAD/CAM in their dental morphology course, they have also under- taken an ‘Introduction to CAD/CAM Dentistry’ course, where they get to work directly with mannequin teeth that are already prepared for an onlay and a crown, going through the whole process of scanning, designing and milling,” Dehghan says.

| education inequalities that continue to exist between and within different communities. “A lot of the time, we don’t know exactly where our students are going to end up working,” Dehghan says. “They may end up working in public health, in remote areas, in the military—any number of places that often have less access to CAD/CAM. This is why we’re ex- posing them to these advanced technologies while also ensuring that they learn all of the traditional methods of impression taking, crown preparation, temporizing the patient, sending the information to the laboratory, and so on. CAD/CAM is wonderful, and while it should be integrated into dental education, it shouldn’t be the sole method,” she adds. Dehghan affirms that the initial cost of investing in CAD/CAM devices and technologies is something that puts off not just private dental practices but certain schools as well. It’s a sentiment that Hack readily agrees with. “In my opinion, all dental schools are, to some degree, strug- gling with this decision,” he says. “Clearly, they know that they have to do this, that it is incumbent on them that they teach their students this technology, since if they don’t, they are not properly preparing them for their future practice. Yes, the financial cost can be a barrier, but this is clearly outweighed by the benefits that come with integrating CAD/CAM devices into current methods of teaching,” Hack continues. Fig. 4 Figs. 4–7: By 2006, Dr Gary Hack had set up ten CEREC Red Cams in the school’s so-called Dream Room and began integrating digital dentistry into his classes. readily and widely employed in dental schools. “More and more dentistry is surrounded by new digital ‘toys’ that can make our practices more efficient than ever before,” claims Pamuk, who is a strong believer in the power of CAD/CAM. “Digital dentistry is now a reality, and dental schools and practices should all be part of this. Dental schools should change and adapt their curricula accordingly,” he adds. However, the truth of the matter, according to Dehghan, is somewhat more complicated given the oral health There is a way, however, that the financial burden of CAD/CAM investment can be lessened for dental schools: partnering with key players in the industry. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 12 1 2020

| case report Digital workflow versus conventional approach in aesthetic dentistry Dr Florin Lazarescu, Romania Digital technologies are becoming ever more pres- ent in the daily work of dental clinicians, even if some- times the digital part of the work is done by the dental laboratory using CAD/CAM technology. Nowadays, as dental practitioners, we often ask ourselves which tech- nique we should use—should we trust only new digital solutions or rather stick to conventional, analogue, tech- niques? In this article, I seek to answer this question by presenting the same case treated in a digital and an an- alogue way. Every dental practitioner uses common impression ma- terials; we are used to them, they have passed the test of time and they appear to be predictable. Therefore, many of us might ask whether digital scanning is reliable and if so which scanner to choose. My colleagues from the Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca in Romania conducted research on the ac- curacy of different scanners and milling machines, con- sidering them singularly and in combination (products both from single manufacturers in combination and from different manufacturers in combination; Tables 1–5).1 Their research found a median precision of 78.40 for complete in-office systems, of 76.04 for addi- tive CAD/CAM systems and of 60.46 for laboratory CAD/CAM systems. When scanners and milling ma- chines from different producers were combined, a median precision of 49.85 was obtained for labora- tory systems, while complete in-office systems had a precision of 78.32 and single brand laboratory sys- tems 60.46 . The results of this research demon- strate that the precision is very good no matter which system one uses, that CAD/CAM technology is reli- able and that we can count on it in everyday work. Case report A 32-year-old female patient came to our clinic for im- provement of the aesthetics of her smile. After analys- ing the initial situation (Figs. 1–4), we recommended veneers on teeth #14 to 23 and ceramic crowns on teeth #15 and 16. To optimise the final outcome, it was decided with the patient to treat this case both ways, analogue and digital. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Figs. 1–4: Initial clinical situation. 14 1 2020

| case report Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Figs. 5–7: Functional analysis wax-up. Analogue approach We started with dental impressions taken with common materials. Next, the facebow registration was taken and sent to the dental laboratory together with the impres- sions. The dental technician then prepared the wax-up and analysed it in an articulator (regarding occlusion and functional movements; Figs. 5–7). The first important ob- servation in this case was the overjet distance. In order to achieve a perfect bite, I would have recommended dou- ble veneers (buccal and palatal) from teeth #12 to 22. An analogue approach allows fabrication of double veneers, and it is a common procedure, but a digital approach using a CAD/CAM chairside system does not permit this solution, or makes it complicated (double scanning is necessary and is possible only after cementation of one of the parts of the veneers, palatal or buccal). mally invasive procedure. Next, we analysed the cen- tral incisor (CI) length and ratio, visibility of the anterior teeth in different lip positions (at rest, during smiling and during functional movements), levels of the fixed gingiva and zenith points. If necessary, based on this mock-up, we can perform gingival surgery in order to achieve a highly aesthetic final result. According to many studies, resin–enamel bonds are reliable and durable. The presence of the enamel at the preparation margin offers a perfect seal against the ingression of oral fluids and bacteria. When the cavity margins are bonded to enamel, bonds to den- tine are more durable (even a simplified, more hydro- philic adhesive may survive because of the protective effect of bonded enamel against the diffusion of water across the bonded interface).2–4 A mock-up was done, followed by guided tooth prepa- ration through the mock-up in order to have a mini- The greater the difference between acid solubility of enamel periphery and prism core, the stronger the Table 2: Precision for laboratory CAD/CAM systems of different producers.1 Scanner and milling machine (product and manufacturer) Measurement Precision (μ) Median precision (μ) TRIOS (3Shape) D900 + RXD5 (Röders) MVS Dental Wings DW-5-140 (Dental Wings) + D40 (Yenamak) MVS Lava C.O.S. (3M ESPE) + Mori Seiki (DMG MORI) TRIOS (3Shape) D900 + DNM500 (SMT) TRIOS (3Shape) D900 + Zanotec (Wieland) MVS MVS MVS iTero (Align Technology) + E4D milling machine (Planmeca) MVS Dental Wings 3D (Dental Wings) + DC 40 (Yenadent) MVS 19.80 29.25 48.00 51.50 60.16 68.50 71.80 49.85 16 1 2020

| case report Table 3: Median precision according to scanner type.1 Scanner type Measurement Median precision (μ) Intra-oral Model MVS MVS 81.25 75.32 Table 4: Median precision according to system type.1 Scanner type Measurement Median precision (μ) In-office MVS Laboratory single brand MVS Laboratory composed MVS 78.40 60.46 49.85 If one wants to keep the workflow digital only, a virtual wax-up can be performed as well (3D-printed model), followed by a mock-up and the aforementioned aes- thetic analysis. Guided enamel preparation is done through the mock-up in order to conserve as much tooth structure as possible. Definitive ceramic restorations with a thickness of 0.3 mm were milled. They were sent to the dental lab- oratory for staining in order to achieve better aesthet- ics. For a highly aesthetic result, staining or the cut- back technique in the dental laboratory is mandatory. A try-in paste was used in order to observe the trans- parency of the tooth structure (Figs. 21–24). Patient’s choice The patient was asked to choose one of the sets of ceramic restorations (Figs. 25–31). From a clinical and Fig. 12 Fig. 12: Microscopic view of demineralised dentine and penetration of the hybrid layer into dentinal tubules.5 technical point of view, both sets of restorations were perfect, both were adapted, functional movements were present for both and both were highly aesthetic. The patient chose veneers and crowns prepared us- ing conventional techniques; her choice was totally subjective, since she did not know which set of resto- rations had been produced with the digital approach and which with the analogue procedures. Conclusion Are we able to follow a digital workflow for a major dental rehabilitation? In my opinion, yes; however, some learning is necessary, and in many cases, ana- logue and digital methods should be combined. We can conclude the following: – Both fully digital and fully analogue treatments are pos- sible and give great aesthetic results, bearing in mind that staining and the cut-back technique is mandatory. – Thickness of definitive restorations can vary between 0.3 and 0.5 mm for both approaches. – Precision is perfect for both approaches. – The double veneer technique is not possible when using the digital approach. Table 5: Median precision and range according to system type.1 Scanner type Measurement Median precision and range (μ) In-office MVS 78.32 (39.60–161.40) Laboratory single brand MVS 60.46 (13.78–114.70) Laboratory composed MVS 49.85 (19.80–71.80) 18 1 2020

| case report Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Figs. 25–31: Final results of the analogue and digital approach. about Dr Florin Lazarescu owns a private dental practice in Bucharest in Romania and in his work focuses on aesthetic dentistry with an emphasis on all-ceramic and implant restorative procedures. He is the author of numer- ous publications on dentistry, and he is the editor of and a contributing author to the Romanian book Incursiune în Estetica Dentara (Immersion in Esthetic Dentistry, Society of Esthetic Dentistry in Romania, 2013)—republished in English as Comprehensive Esthetic Dentistry (Quintessence, 2015) and in Chinese (Qiuntessence China, 2017). He is editor-in-chief of Dental Tribune Romanian Edition. Dr Lazarescu is the president of the European Society of Cosmetic Dentistry and a founding member and director of the Society of Esthetic Dentistry in Romania. Fig. 31 The future belongs to the digital approach certainly. My recommendation is to allow dental practitioners a period of learning in which to integrate digital and an- alogue methods, to start with minor cases and grad- ually progress towards fully digital and/or full-mouth rehabilitation. Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. 20 1 2020

| case report A new smile in one day Dr Gustavo Harfagar, Chile Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 1 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Introduction Digital workflows can improve our treatment results. In this report, a multidisciplinary patient treatment is presented, focusing on the chairside workflow and the use of n!ce ceramic material (Straumann). Nine successful chairside restorations (six in the aesthetic zone) are described. The teeth and implants were prepared and scanned during the morning, and the final restorations were placed the same day. The patient received her new smile in a much shorter time than with traditional protocols, and this was a key driver in her decision to accept the treatment plan exclusively with Straumann digital solutions. Initial situation examination, she was found to have a medium smile line with fixed restorations and multiple recessions in the aesthetic zone, carious lesions, inflammation, plaque and missing teeth at positions #16, 25, 26, 36 and 45 (Figs. 1–5). Procedure Treatment planning After cause-related therapy (oral hygiene instructions, prophylaxis and dental fillings), the patient was ready for the surgical phase. This would include mucogingival surgery in the second sextant in order to improve the pink aesthetics and the placement of dental implants in the posterior region. A generally healthy 51-year-old female patient visited our clinic requesting a new smile. On extra-oral and intra-oral After the soft tissue had healed, the restorative phase would begin. In the second sextant, the old crowns Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 22 1 2020

| case report Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 The fit was confirmed, and only minor adjustments were needed at the contact points. The crowns were removed from the patient’s mouth and polished by hand using OptraFine (Ivoclar Vivadent; Figs. 14 & 15). All the crowns were cemented using IPS Ceramic Etching Gel Fig. 21 24 1 2020 (Ivoclar Vivadent) according to the Ivoclar Multilink protocol (Figs. 16–21). Treatment outcome The patient was very happy with the functional and aesthetic result, as well as the short treatment period. She finally received her new smile in a much shorter time than expected, and this was a key driver in her decision to accept our treatment plan. about Dr Gustavo Harfagar graduated with a BSc from the University of Chile in Santiago and then went to dental school at Universidad Mayor, also in Santiago. He completed his studies in implantology at the same university. For ten years, he was an assistant professor in the department of prostho- dontics at the school of dental medicine of Universidad del Desarrollo in Santiago, Chile and a visiting professor at the postgraduate school at the same university. In 2016, he attended the ITI Education Week at Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Tufts University, both in Boston in the US. He returned to Harvard School of Dental Medicine for a continuing education course on digital restorative dentistry in 2017. In the same year, he was named director of the digital restorative dentistry programme at Universidad del Desarrollo. He gives lectures on digital dental technologies both nationally and internationally. Dr Harfagar has his own practice and twelve years of experience working in aesthetic and implant dentistry.

| case report The copyCAD Dr Yassine Harichane, France Introduction Preparation Nature has always captivated us with its beauty. Whether it is a landscape, a sunset or the intricate details of a leaf, one marvels at natural aesthetics. The goal of an artist is to copy nature in every medium: painting, sculpture, mu- sic, photography. It is easy to see parallels in dentistry. The teeth and soft tissue display details on the mac- roscopic and microscopic scale that make up all their beauty. Even the smile has characteristics that define what is beautiful and what is not. Like an artist, the den- tist and the dental technician use all their combined tal- ents to create lifelike restorations. The secret to imitating nature is in the details of daily practice and hard work. Fortunately for dental practices and laboratories, tech- nology has advanced considerably, making the ability to imitate nature much more achievable while paving the way for new practical methodologies. Performing a single restoration on a central maxillary incisor is a challenge, both technically and artistically. Whether it is a filling, a crown or an implant, all the skills of the artistic dentist must come into play because the patient naturally ex- pects a result symmetrical to the contralateral tooth. Us- ing the latest technology, it is as simple as the copy and paste function one is so accustomed to using on a com- puter. The dentist has gone from being an artist to a com- puter scientist with the same optics: copying nature in all its perfection. On the basis of a clinical case without the utilisation of an intra-oral scan, I will demonstrate a workflow with CAD/ CAM technology. This will show that the ability to copy nature has now become accessible to all practitioners. In this clinical case (Figs. 1 & 2), the patient wanted the aesthetic aspects of her smile to be improved without losing unique features she had come to consider as part of her look and personality. The maxillary anterior teeth showed caries and defective restorations, but their over- all shape was satisfactory and they had a certain charm despite their defects. Although her premolars did not have an optimal aesthetic appearance, the patient’s bud- get limited treatment to the incisors and canines. The first step was to take an impression of the preopera- tive oral condition. Although the dimensions and appear- ance did not conform to all the rules of dental aesthetics, they would be preserved because they had characteris- tics specific to the patient and they respected the occlu- sal dynamics. The impression of the teeth can be taken with an intra-oral scanner. However, the number of den- tists who own intra-oral scanners is relatively low. The current materials allow for a satisfactory physicochemical impression and remain accessible to all dentists. A poly- vinylsiloxane impression was performed in one step and two viscosities (V-Posil Putty Fast and V-Posil X-Light Fast, VOCO) to record the initial clinical situation (Fig. 3). Temporisation The second step was to prepare the provisional crowns by copying and pasting the patient’s teeth. After prepar- ing the teeth, the impression is sent to the laboratory, which will scan and design the provisional crowns. Most CAD/CAM software possesses this copy and paste func- tion (Fig. 4), so the scan and design processes take less Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 1: Initial situation, smiling. Fig. 2: Initial situation, frontal view with lips retracted. Fig. 3: V-Posil impression. 26 1 2020

| case report Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 7: Structur CAD provisional crown. Fig. 8: Try-in of provisional crowns. Fig. 9: Smile with provisional crowns. Fig. 10: Porcelain crowns luted with Futurabond DC and Bifi x QM (VOCO). Fig. 11: Final result. validated, the dental technician only needs to press a but- ton to start producing the definitive crowns in the desired material. For patients, digital dentistry is an education on just how far dentistry has evolved: technological advancements in clinical procedures are replacing many of those treatments of their bad childhood memories. It is now possible for the patient to reclaim the smile of his or her twenties. Better still, it is possible to copy the child’s juvenile smile and place it in the deteriorated dental arch of the father. The smile will be- come a legacy that will be passed down through families. Conclusion Technology is making significant progress in dentistry, it is up to us to appropriate it. The emergence of new tools, such as intra-oral scanners, and unique new materials, like millable temporary resins, makes it possible to develop new therapeutic concepts and procedures. Copying and pasting is now a part of the dentist’s, and dental techni- cian’s, therapeutic armamentarium. A copycat is an artist who tries to capture nature in all its glory through painting. Now, a copyCAD is an artist who can capture nature in all its perfection through CAD/CAM technology. Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Matthias Mehring of VOCO for his friendly support and support with mate- 28 1 2020 rials. The author congratulates French certified dental technician Christophe Giraud for his talent and skills. The author is grateful to Tom Kershaw and Russ Perl- man of VOCO America for proofreading and improv- ing this article. about Dr Yassine Harichane graduated from the Paris Descartes University and conducted several research there. He is an author of numerous publica- tions and a member of the Cosmetic Dentistry Study Group (CDSG) at the Paris Descartes University in Paris, France.

| case report Immediate post-extraction implants in the anterior maxilla The importance of a high-resolution CBCT system in patient selection Drs Gian Battista Greco & Danilo Alessio Di Stefano, Italy Introduction Placement of an immediate post-extraction implant in the aesthetic zone is a sound and well-documented ap- proach.1–3 Yet the success of this procedure calls for care- ful selection of the candidate patient; if not performed fol- lowing a precise decision tree, the risk of aesthetic and prosthetic failure is high.4 Consequent to tooth extraction, the alveolar process undergoes a well-known sequence of events leading to progressive bone atrophy.5–7 These 3D changes in the alveolar bone cannot be prevented by plac- ing an implant immediately. Immediate implant placement creates a condition that, con- versely, may enhance bone resorption and accelerate the apical migration of soft tissue, mainly on the buccal side.8, 9 These consequences may be prevented only by means of a careful preoperative diagnosis that involves assessment of the alveolar bone characteristics at the implant site and posi- tioning the implant accordingly.10, 11 Fig. 1a Fig. 1b Fig. 2 Fig. 3a Fig. 3b Fig. 3c Fig. 3d Figs. 1a & b: (a) The initial clinical situation and (b) the intra-oral radiograph taken when the patient presented. Tooth #12, which had been endodontically treated, had lost its crown because of a traumatic fracture. Fig. 2: The patient provided a CBCT scan obtained at another centre. On this scan, the buccal bone plate was measured with diffi culty because of the background noise and therefore of the lack of sharpness of the scan images. It was found to be approximately 2.4 mm thick. Figs. 3a–d: Implant positioning. (a) The implant site underwent no ap elevation nor any bone or tissue regeneration. (b & c) The implant was placed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and (d) at bone level. 30 1 2020

| case report Fig. 7a Fig. 7b Fig. 7c Fig. 8a Fig. 8b Figs. 7a–c: The defi nitive crown was delivered to the patient, achieving a highly satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Figs. 8a & b: (a) The CBCT scan taken after 25 months using a high-quality, high-resolution CBCT device and (b) the initial CBCT scan. The buccopalatal thickness of the alveolar bone process was unchanged, showing complete preservation of the 3D bone features and confi rming the correctness of the treatment plan. The high-resolution CBCT scan showed no metal artifacts and provided excellent details of the various anatomical parts, allowing accurate measurement. gone a CBCT examination (using a 6 × 6 cm field of view) some days before at a different dental clinic (Fig. 2). Exam- ination showed that the fractured tooth, previously devital- ised, presented with a reduced ferrule because of the cor- onal fracture. The periodontal tissue was slightly inflamed because of marginal gingivitis. No significant pockets were detected with probing, and the gingival biotype appeared to be thick and flat. The CBCT scan provided by the patient showed a residual root of about 16 mm long, no bone de- fects and no endodontic lesions. The coronal buccal bone was a 2.0–2.5 mm thick dense cortical plate (Fig. 2). The patient was first presented with a plan that would in- volve the orthodontic extrusion of the damaged tooth in or- der to allow for restoration with a prosthetic crown. The pa- tient refused, however, and the alternative plan presented would involve extraction of the damaged tooth followed by immediate implant placement and possible delivery of an immediate screw-retained provisional prosthesis. Given the patient’s apparently low risk of bone resorption, this plan did not call for any GBR or GTR procedures involving connec- tive tissue grafting. The patient provided informed consent. The patient underwent thorough professional cleaning four days before surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, Augmentin, GlaxoSmithKline; 2 g 1 hour before surgery and then every 12 hours for eight to ten days) was initiated, and the patient was subjected to mouth rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine (Corsodyl, GlaxoSmithKline) and given instructions to continue this for two weeks after surgery. Nimesulide (100 mg; Aulin, Roche) was also ad- ministered 1 hour before surgery. The surgical area was anesthaetised using 40 mg/ml articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine. No flap was elevated. The root was extracted atraumatically (Fig. 3a). After probing the socket walls to check their integrity, a cy- lindrical 3.75 × 17.00 mm implant (Aries, IDI evolution) was placed (Figs. 3b–d, 4a & b). The maximum torque at inser- tion was 55 Ncm. After connecting a pick-up impression coping to the implant, an impression was taken with elasto- meric impression material. The dental technician used this to prepare a cast and manufacture a screw-retained pro- visional crown (Fig. 5a). A screw-retained healing abutment was then connected to the implant, and the patient was dismissed. Approximately 24 hours later, the provisional crown was connected (Fig. 5b). After checking all the interproximal contacts and unloading all the static and dynamic occlu- sal contacts, the retaining screw was tightened at 15 Ncm. The patient underwent no anaesthesia for this. He was ad- vised to abstain from biting hard food with his incisors for eight weeks. Five months later, the provisional prosthesis was removed and placed on the hard- and soft-tissue cast used for its manufacture. As no changes were observed involving either the soft tissue (Figs. 6a–c) or the interproximal contacts, a 32 1 2020

| case report Digital workflow with a metal-free surgical guide and zirconia implant Dr Saurabh Gupta, India In recent years, ceramic implants have become an attractive and reliable alternative to titanium implants. With the advancement of digital implant dentistry and in- creasing use of metal-free surgical guides, there should be reliable guided surgery options available to place such implants.1–3 There are different kinds of surgical guide designs available in the current market. The ideal guide should be produced defect-free; should offer precision, a perfect fit and high primary stability; and should aid ex- act reproduction of the planning.4 Furthermore, the sur- gical guide should be robust and thus not be affected by transport, storage and sterilisation. In addition, the guide design should allow clear visual inspection and easy irri- gation. Finally, the use of this guided system should not lead to an increase in the cost of the operation.5–8 Com- panies manufacturing guided systems for dental implant placement offer surgical guides of almost similar design: they are tooth-, mucosa- or bone-supported, and mostly made out of resin, and drilling and implant holes are placed within the body of the guide itself. These drilling holes usually receive metal sleeves of various diameters to guide successive drills.9, 10 In this case report, we used a metal-free fully guided system (2ingis) for the placement Fig. 1a Fig. 1b software. Figs. 1a & b: Missing tooth #36. Figs. 2a–d: Digital planning with SMOP Fig. 2a Fig. 2c Fig. 2b Fig. 2d 34 1 2020

| case report Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 8: Provisional restoration. Fig. 9: Twelve weeks post-op. Fig. 10: Intra-oral scan. Fig. 11: Monolithic crown. Fig. 12: Final crown in situ. Fig. 13: Final radiograph. kept out of occlusion, and strict instructions were given to the patient. The osseointegration process was suc- cessful, and the implant was planned for restoration us- ing a permanent monolithic zirconia crown (3M) after 12 weeks (Fig. 9). The TRIOS intra-oral optical scan was retaken with the provisional restoration seated (Fig. 10). The final monolithic crown was then designed, milled and prepared according to a completely digital workflow (Fig. 11). The crown’s intaglio surface and the implant’s abutment surface were cleaned and primed with a coat- ing of Z-Prime Plus (BISCO) and was later cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE). Extra cement was carefully removed using dental floss soon after the final crown had been cemented. The occlusion of the crown was checked with articulating paper. The patient was well satisfied with the treatment procedure with respect to both form and function (Figs. 12 & 13). Conclusion In conclusion, the metal-free surgical guide stands out from other guided systems and appears to be a signif- icant advancement in the field of guided implant sur- gery. In this case report, the wide-open design of this guide allowed unrestricted irrigation and visual control under conditions comparable to those of surgeries per- formed without surgical guides. There was no friction of the zirconia drills on the surgical guide, which would have damaged it or contaminated the drilling hole with sleeve particles torn from the guide. This metal-free guided system seems to be ideal for placement of zirco- nia dental implants. Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. about Dr Saurabh Gupta is an oral and maxillofacial surgeon from India. He is a private practitioner working as Clini- cal Director at the Digital Dental Design Clinic & DVG’s lab (3M authorized) in India. He is Education Director/Board Member of the International Academy of Ceramic Implantology (IAOCI) and part of the Zirconia Implant Research Group (ZIRG) in the US. In addition, he is a fellow and an ambassador for the Clean Implant Foundation in Germany. At present, he is involved in many research studies on zirconia implant materials and digital dentistry. contact Dr Saurabh Gupta, BDS MDS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, India Board of Director, IAOCI, USA Phone: +91 9916 203455 saurabh@iaoci.com 36 1 2020

| case report Treatment of an edentulous space with a digital workflow Two-piece ceramic implants in the aesthetic zone Prof. Heinz Kniha, Thomas Lassen & Dr Kristian Kniha, Germany More and more dentistry students, individuals working in dental care, dental science and dental technology, as well as university lecturers, are now encountering mod- ern zirconia implants. The subject of zirconia implants not only polarises patients, but is also hotly debated at inter- national congresses and in respected scientific publica- tions. Irrespective of this, the amount of evidence-based in vivo data concerning zirconia implants continues to grow. On the one hand, the ceramic surface allows a very pleasing aesthetic result to be achieved, especially in the soft-tissue region. Studies with a follow-up period of three years have shown that hard tissue remains stable and that there is even a statistically significant enlarge- ment of the interdental papillae.1–3 On the other hand, an experimentally induced mucositis study has shown that titanium implants prompt a greater inflammatory im- mune response to plaque accumulation with regard to specific inflammatory markers (interleukin-1 beta values, total bacterial count and sample volumes of Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia).4, 5 These clinical in- sights into zirconia implants lead us to hope that the risk of peri-implantitis too can be minimised with the lower incidence of mucositis. Initially, single-piece zirconia implants were restored with cement-retained prostheses. Fig. 1 Fig. 8 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 1: Radiographs showing root fillings and post-and-cores in teeth #12, 21 and 22. Fig. 2: Visible scarring after apicectomy and dark-coloured gingiva in region #11. Fig. 3: Secondary caries in the hopeless abutment teeth. Figs. 4–6: Immediate implantation of two-piece zirconia implants in regions #12, 11, 21 and 22. Figs. 7 & 8: An intra-op digital impression of the two-piece implants was taken. 38 1 2020

Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Figs. 18–22: Another digital impression of the intra-oral situation was taken. Fig. 23: The definitive implant prostheses. Figs. 24–26: The radiographic and clinical situation six weeks post-op. impression. These were then provisionally cemented to the anchoring elements with Temp-Bond (Kerr Dental, Figs. 9–12). During the cementing process, it was essen- tial that no material was pressed into the periodontal gap. Postoperative radiographic follow-up was performed in line with the cementation protocol (Fig. 11). The tempo- rary restorations were taken out of occlusion, and the patient was instructed not to bite off food with her incisors in the next three months, but rather to spread the masti- catory force to the posterior region. All the dental restorations were produced by the Thomas Lassen dental laboratory (Figs. 13–17). The sutures were removed as standard on the seventh day postoperatively. In the same appointment, the chairside temporary res- torations were replaced with aesthetically high-quality temporary restorations made of composite in the form of a crown block. Provisional bonding was achieved with Temp-Bond on the screw-retained zirconia mesostruc- tures. After a total healing phase of three months, there was a significant harmonisation of the soft-tissue situa- tion. Another digital impression of the intra-oral situation was taken so that the final crowns could be produced (Figs. 18–22). The CAD/CAM-supported workflow allows simple and time-saving procedures using modern ma- terials. The definitive implant prostheses consisted of screw-retained customised CAD/CAM-milled zirconia frameworks which were bonded with the angled Variobase abutments in the laboratory and then veneered (Fig. 23). The radiographic and clinical situation six weeks after implantation showed stable bone progression and irrita- tion-free, pale membranes (Figs. 24–26). Conclusion Two-piece zirconia implants allow reliable anterior re- construction with predictable outcomes. The individual soft-tissue conditioning can start directly after implanta- tion. The digital workflow in particular supports the opti- mum shaping of the peri-implant soft tissue with ceramic materials and accelerates interdisciplinary processes. It is evident that there is an increase in the size of the inter- dental papillae in the first three years. For this reason, the interdental spaces should be physiologically designed from the outset as part of the prosthetic treatment. Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. about Prof. Heinz Kniha is a Munich-based oral surgeon working in a joint practice together with Dr Karl Andreas Schlegel. He is highly specialised in implant den- tistry and is an internationally prominent figure in research on zirconia implants. He studied dentistry and human medi- cine at the Friedrich-Alexander-Univer- sity Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hamburg, and completed his education as a specialist in max- illofacial surgery under the supervision of Prof. Dieter Schlegel at the Medical Center of the University of Munich. Today, being the author of many scientific articles, he is frequently invited to lecture at dental conferences on an international level. contact Prof. Dr Dr Heinz Kniha Arnulfstraße 19 (Renaissancehaus) 80335 Munich, Germany Phone: +49 89 590686990 www.prof-kniha-kieferchirurgie.de 40 1 2020

| special report Digitally fabricated bulb obturator using virtual data and 3D printing Dr Tariq Saadi, UAE Introduction Computer-assisted digital planning has become an im- portant diagnostic and therapeutic tool in modern den- tistry. Digital technologies related to imaging and man- ufacturing provide the clinician with a wide variety of treatment options. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology offers a simple and predictable means of fab- ricating dental prostheses.1 This case report presents the rehabilitation of a patient who had undergone a hemi-maxillectomy. This clinical case describes the digital workflow using an intra-oral Fig. 1 Fig. 2a Fig. 2b 42 1 2020 digital impression, 3D facial scanning, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumetric data to create a digital (3D) virtual model of the dentition, defect area, and soft and hard tissue for this patient. 3D printing tech- nology was used to manufacture a resin obturator pros- thesis (a hollow bulb with a removable partial denture).2 Clinical case Clinical history A 65-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary left alveolar process presented to our clinic two months post-surgery. According to her medical re- port, she had undergone left hemi-maxillectomy, left neck dissection and a split-skin graft harvested from her left thigh for the lining of the maxillary defect (Fig. 1). Clinical examination There was a significant limitation in her mouth open- ing, owing to radiation and surgical scar contracture, a stiff oral aperture and difficulty in stretching of the lips. Intra-oral examination revealed the surgical removal of the entire upper left jaw, including the premaxilla, max- illa, and hard and soft palate. The dissection extended to the nasal septum, and there was communication be- tween the oral cavity and nasal cavity (Fig. 2a). For two months after the surgery, the patient had worn a medi- cated gauze pack covering a flat acrylic plate retained by metal clasps (Fig. 2b).3 Chief complaint The post-surgical maxillary defect had resulted in hy- per-nasal speech, leakage of fluid into the nasal cavity and impaired masticatory function.4 Trismus, xerostomia, mucositis, tissue ulceration and gingival bleeding were Fig. 1: Initial situation with missing maxillary left dentition. Fig. 2a: Mirrored intra-oral view revealing a surgically removed left maxilla, extending up to the nasal septum. Fig. 2b: Used medicated gauze and at acrylic plate with metal clasps.

| special report Fig. 5a Fig. 5b Fig. 5c Fig. 5d Fig. 5e Fig. 5f Fig. 5g Fig. 5h Fig. 5i Fig. 5a: First step in fabrication of the removable partial denture. Fig. 5b: Digital maxillary left dentition acquired by mirroring the data gathered from the right maxilla. Fig. 5c: Complete digital maxillary dentition. Fig. 5d: Digital maxillary left teeth virtually extracted. Fig. 5e: Digital maxillary dentition with artificial left alveolar ridge. Fig. 5f: Digital maxillary dentition with denture borders. Fig. 5g: Digital maxillary dentition with designed maxillary left teeth. Fig. 5h: Digital maxillary dentition with an artificial left alveolar ridge and left teeth. Fig. 5i: Final removable partial denture design for printing. was to fabricate a hollow bulb and a removable partial denture as a transitional solution for this patient, un- til the surgical site had healed completely and patient was prepared, physically and emotionally, for any fur- ther surgical and restorative care that might be nec- essary.15 Prosthetic phase Digital denture fabrication Digitalisation of intra-oral data enables design and fab- ricate of dentures without trays or conventional impres- sions.16 A digital workflow using design software and a 3D printer was simplified to produce a partial denture quickly, easily and cost-effectively: 1. Denture fabrication began by importing the patient’s digital data (CBCT, intra-oral and facial scan data) into Dental System to create a 3D virtual patient (Figs. 4a & b). 2. A digital artificial substructure for the left maxilla was required to allow for setting up of the virtual teeth (Fig. 5a). The upper right jaw intra-oral scan data was inserted into Meshmixer software (Autodesk), and the copy and mirror tools were used to create a digital up- per left jaw in the mirror image of the acquired data of the right side of the jaw (Fig. 5b).17 Fig. 6a Fig. 6b Fig. 7a Fig. 7b Fig. 6a: Milled teeth (milled using the CORiTEC 140i, imes-icore). Fig. 6b: Printed denture. Fig. 7a: 3D image from CBCT data. Fig. 7b: Segmented hard and soft tissue using 3D Slicer software. 44 1 2020

| special report main completely isolated from the oral environment when the bulb and denture of the obturator were in place. The patient was educated on how to insert and remove the prosthesis and instructed on oral hygiene and self-main- tenance. Follow-up visits every two weeks for further as- sessment and a new reline were indicated owing to rapid soft tissue changes that occur during the wound healing process.15, 25 Future steps Based on 3D digital data, patient-specific reconstructions (custom-made implants) can be produced as a definitive solution.26 In close collaboration with the maxillofacial sur- geon and prosthodontist, the design can be modified, customised and fabricated utilising 3D printing material to achieve better aesthetics and function to enhance patient satisfaction (Figs. 13a & b).27 Conclusion Dentistry has entered a new era where 3D virtual treatment planning, design and fabrication are common and afford- able. The thought process on how to treat our patients has changed. We can now predictably have a prosthesis fab- ricated using CAD/CAM technology without the need for conventional impressions and fabrication techniques. The digital revolution is changing dentistry, and the impact of new 3D image acquisition devices such as CBCT de- vices, intra-oral scanners and facial scanners is already in- fluencing the dental field.28 At the same time, CAD/CAM software and innovative fabrication procedures, including 3D printing and milling, are transforming the way we treat our patients, making those previously difficult manual tasks easier, faster, cheaper and more predictable.11 Nowadays, digital design, including 3D virtual planning, and fabrica- tion of a provisional or definitive prosthesis can be accom- plished with a concise workflow with predictable aesthetic and functional outcomes.1, 29 Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher. Declaration of patient consent The author certified that all appropriate patient consent forms were obtained. Conicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. There was no financial support or sponsorship. about Dr Tariq Saadi is a medical director and general dental practitioner in a dental facility in the UAE. Dr Saadi focuses on the digital workow in cosmetic and implant dentistry. His vision is that digital technologies will dramatically change the world of dentistry; therefore, he decided in 2015 to transform his work com- pletely from analogue to digital. He invested in digital in- tra-oral scanners, 3D facial scanners, 3D printing, CAD/ CAM software, milling machines and CBCT. He believes that digitally driven dentistry is what we need today to fulfil pa- tients’ expectations of dental treatments. contact Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Dr Farag Edher, Royelle Mejia, Paul Andrada, Lovelyn Baslan and Ruby Poli- carpio; their help was of tremendous value. Dr Tariq Saadi Phone: +971 50 293 9550 E-mail: dr.tariqsaadi@hotmail.com Instagram: dr_tariqsaadi 46 1 2020

| manufacturer news New grinding and milling unit CEREC Primemill makes excellence easy the selected material and machining option. The tools are outfit- ted with colour codes according to the material to be processed and are therefore easy to distinguish. Each tool also contains a small RFID tag that can be read by an integrated scanner in the CEREC Primemill. The machine informs the user about the tool’s status and when it should be replaced. The new user guidance makes it even easier to delegate the operation of the machine. For additional convenience, material blocks with compatible data matrix codes can be scanned with the integrated camera. With this, the block information, including type, size, colour and zirco- nia enlargement factor, are recorded. The unit’s LED light strip also informs the user about the unit’s status, including a moving blue progress bar, which changes to green when the manufactur- ing process is finished. In addition, the interface guides the user through routine maintenance procedures and thus facilitates the easy upkeep of CEREC Primemill. More aesthetic, faster and simply excellent With CEREC Primemill, restorations, especially those made of zir- conia, can be milled even faster thanks to new tools and improved technology. The time required to fabricate a zirconia crown has been reduced by more than half: it can be cut from around 10– 12

| manufacturer news Content sharing platform from Straumann New StraumannPLAY series outlines digital workows Straumann has launched the second season of Straumann- PLAY. The season focuses on digital workflows, and in it, Dr Hugo Madeira, founder of the advanced implantology clinic Clínica de Implantologia Avançada in Lisbon in Portugal, takes the audience on a five-part journey in digital dentistry. tices in order to replace conventional impressions or models. The next episodes are “Implant planning and guided surgery”, “Designing and printing the surgical guide”, “How to plan a smile” and “Prosthetic design and milling”. Digital workflows offer dental professionals accuracy and re- liability and save a considerable amount of time. For patients, this means higher levels of comfort. In the new Straumann- PLAY season, Dr Madeira delves into how dental profession- als can manage these workflows and discusses the essen- tial tools for successful treatments. Each 10-minute episode provides a glimpse into a specific topic, such as intra-oral scanning or the perfect smile. The first episode of Season

| feature Dental startups are harnessing artifi cial intelligence By Jeremy Booth, DTI A new wave of startup companies are developing artifi cial intelligence solutions for dentistry. (Image: Zapp2Photo/Shutterstock) Articial intelligence (AI) has broken free from the pages of science fiction to become fact. Machines and software that can think and learn are now a reality and a wave of den- tal startups are developing new AI-assisted technologies for dentists. So what are some of the youngest companies in the industry hoping to achieve? And how can they bring their AI solutions from the drawing board to the dental practice? Most readers will have first been introduced to AI as the fodder of fiction in comic books, novels or films screened on late-night television. AI typically impressed but usually came with the ominous caveat of potentially outsmarting its creators. The murderous Hal 9000 computer in Stanley Kubrick’s 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey is just one example in a litany of bad introductions to AI. Nowadays, science has caught up with science fiction. Around 16,000 peer-reviewed scientific papers are published in the AI field each year, and smart software has proven its worth in applications spanning a range of fields from the auto- motive industry to health care. According to dental startups, AI has the potential to make a big impact in dentistry in areas such as diagnostics, smile design and treatment monitoring. These companies are focusing on research and develop- ment and obtaining the funding that will help them to make AI a part of daily business in dental practices. Getting smart with medical imaging Medical imaging is a valuable source of information in diagnostics and quick advances in the segment mean its availability may grow to outstrip the capacities of med- ical specialists. Tasking machine learning algorithms with lightening the workloads of doctors and dentists need not be seen as a compromise. A systematic review and meta-analysis, published by the Lancet Digital Health on Sept. 25, 2019 compared the performance of deep learning—a type of AI—with that of health care professionals in the detection of diseases using medical imaging. Based on a review of 14 studies conducted between 2012 and 2019, the review found that the diagnostic performance of deep learning mod- els was equivalent to that of health care professionals. The researchers noted that AI models have become more accurate in diagnosing diseases in the last few years, hinting at the possibility of a continued improvement that may see AI models outperform medical professionals in diagnostics in the near future. AI in dentistry is now a reality, and both the literature and the practice show a broad application. From digital smile 52 1 2020

| feature Technology (MIT) in 2018 after two years of research into how AI can improve dental care. It says its product VideaDetect can identify up to 25 per cent more dental diseases than the average dental practitioner and that it collaborates with dentists around the world to continu- ously improve its algorithms. VideaHealth has partnered with dental organizations to bring its AI-assisted diagnostics to dental practices across the U.S., and a recent cash injection will help the startup company to make an even bigger impact. A September U.S. Securities and Exchange Commis- sion filing showed that the 1-year-old company raised $5.4 million in equity through reported investment by Zetta Venture Partners, Pillar and the MIT-affiliated Denta V. After the funding round, VideaHealth CEO Florian Hillen told TechCrunch that dental practitioners are proving more receptive to automation technologies than other health care professionals are. He explained that dentists perform multiple roles within their practices and therefore see technologies like image recognition software not as a threat but as a something that can increase efficiency. “AI in radiology competes with the radiologist,” Hillen told TechCrunch. “In dentistry we support the dentist to de- tect diseases more reliably, more accurately, and earlier.” VideaHealth will reportedly use the funds to increase its team and conduct further research and development. From startup to major player The Paris-based orthodontics technology specialist Dental Monitoring is no longer a startup because it has a range of products that have successfully found their markets. Founded in 2015 and now employing over 200 staff members in Europe, the U.S. and Asia, the company is an example of how AI-oriented startups can quickly have an impact of scale on dental care. Dental Monitoring has three AI-powered solutions for dentistry. SmileMate is a mobile app-driven system that analyses the oral cavity to identify a rage of oral, dental and orthodontic conditions. The company’s DM Vision solution uses AI to generate simulations of future smiles as the outcome of potential treatment. The third solution is Monitoring, which helps patients to photograph their own teeth at set intervals using a smartphone. The app crops the photographs and organizes them by date and angulation and helps to streamline the treatment experi- ence for patients and minimize practice visits. The company’s claims of helping dentists to provide treatment that is more efficient are backed up by sci- ence. Researchers from Virginia Commonwealth Uni- versity in Richmond, U.S., investigated the company’s smartphone-based orthodontic treatment app in a study published online by the Angle Orthodontist journal in March. The study compared tooth movement calculated by the software using intraoral video scans taken by pa- tients with actual tooth movement data gathered during practice visits using plaster models. The researchers found only a negligible average difference between the movements calculated by the app—those for interca- nine and intermolar varied on average by 0.17 mm and –0.02 mm, respectively. The researchers concluded not only that the in-office and software measurements were equivalent within 0.5 mm but also that the at-home intra- oral scans done by patients were just as good as those done in the practice by clinicians. The Straumann Group announced in April 2018 that it had invested in the French company. At the time, Marco Gadola, CEO of the Straumann Group, said the company’s technology and its mobile applications would change dentistry. “Our investment in DM provides us with a proven orthodontics tracking system and access to artificial intelligence technology. It also secures an innovative partner with the expertise to develop further leading-edge solutions in our field.” The agreement gave Straumann distribution rights to the company’s technology and an unspecified stake in Dental Monitoring. The future of AI in dentistry remains unwritten AI has experienced several “winter” periods. The most notable of these was between 1974 and 1980 and between 1987 and 1993, when the thread of prog- ress was lost and funding and research initiatives for AI technologies went cold. The level of research and development currently being invested indicates a strong resurgence period for AI, particularly in health care. Obtaining funding is crucial for AI startups in dentistry, but the industry’s thirst for new technologies means that cash is available. Established dental companies, meanwhile, will be keeping a close eye on the potential of new AI solutions. Is AI a panacea for streamlining dental care? This re- mains to be seen, because the technology’s ultimate im- pact rests also on future developments. As the American professor of cognitive science Dr. Douglas Hofstadter wrote in 1979, the “AI effect” tells us that the definition of AI is constantly evolving. He continued: “[Once] some mental function is programmed, people soon cease to consider it as an essential ingredient of ‘real think- ing.’” Hofstadter quoted the prominent computer sci- entist Larry Tesler, who said: “Intelligence is whatever machines haven’t done yet.” If Tesler was right, in the future, AI may be used in dentistry in ways we have not yet considered. 54 1 2020

| practice management “As dental coaches, we are servants in a noble profession” An interview with Kirk Behrendt, founder and CEO of ACT Dental. By Iveta Ramonaite, DTI As dental coaches, we are servants in a noble profession. I’m so grateful for the opportunities that have led me here. Our tagline “better practice, better life” rings true every day. We’re so excited to be doing purposeful work, truly helping to change people’s lives. In your experience, what are some of the biggest management mistakes that dental practices make? The biggest mistake that a dental practice can make isn’t a tactical decision; instead, it involves thinking. It’s not really the problems themselves that matter, but rather how the team looks at those problems. Dentists limit themselves with thoughts like “I have to practice in an insurance-only environment” or “I purchased this business, so I need to run it as it was always run.” These aren’t actual problems once you sit down and decide how you want your business to operate. The most catastrophic scenario for a dentist is waking up to realise that the practice isn’t being run in the way he or she wants to run it. People go into dentistry for a reason, and part of that reason is often the flexibility it affords you outside of work. It’s up to you to create the practice you have envisioned and to build the perfect team. Social media is an integral part of the digital age. How can dental professionals effectively use social media to build their dental practice? Like it or not, your online presence is something pa- tients take into consideration when choosing a dentist. They are seeking out your digital footprint. Regardless of whether you participate, they are making assumptions about you and your practice based on what they find on the internet. Authenticity is critical to building a strong social media presence. If there’s a misalignment be- tween what’s on your social media and what’s on your “The biggest mistake that a dental practice can make isn’t a tactical decision; instead, it involves thinking.” Kirk Behrendt is founder and CEO of ACT Dental, a practice performance coaching company that helps dental practices increase their profitability. (I mage © Kirk Behrendt) Dental consulting and coaching services provide advice on dental management and marketing and help dentists grow their practices. Just recently, Dental Tribune International spoke with Kirk Behrendt, founder and CEO of ACT Dental, about his experience as a dental coach. In this interview, Behrendt talks about some common mistakes in dental practice management and discusses the role that social media and continuing education play in dentistry. Mr Behrendt, could you tell us something about yourself and about what prompted you to found ACT Dental? I fell into the dental profession by accident. I worked for a few dental labs after graduation and this experience lit my fire for the dental profession. I love people and I’ve always wanted to be a teacher, so I wanted to create value for the people in this awesome profession. I spent a few years at a consulting firm, where I had a ton of fun and became one of the top sales representatives. It was actually when I saw the movie Jerry Maguire that I realised that I could do this on my own. I grew ACT Dental one client at a time, and here we are, 23 years later. 56 1 2020

| meetings Owing to the current COVID-19 crisis and resulting travel restrictions, Nobel Biocare has decided to reschedule its 2020 Global Symposium. It will take place at a later date and in a new location. (Image: No-Mad/Shutterstock) Nobel Biocare Global Symposium 2020 postponed to early 2021 After careful consideration and monitoring of the on- going spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, Nobel Biocare has decided to postpone its 2020 Global Symposium, which was originally scheduled for 16–18 April in Las Vegas in the US. The symposium is now scheduled for early 2021. The company will communicate the new date and location as soon as details are available. The unprecedented circumstances presented by COVID-19, the increasing health and safety concerns, as well as the current travel restrictions, have made it impossible to hold a global event like the Nobel Biocare Global Symposium at this time. The company believes that this decision is in the best interests of the health, safety and well-being of its customers, employees and business partners. For those who have already registered, registrations will be automatically transferred and will become valid for the 2021 event. In case participants wish to cancel their attendance, Nobel Biocare has relaxed its original can- cellation policy and will refund registration fees in full. The company urges participants who have already made travel arrangements to expedite hotel and flight cancellations. Nobel Biocare remains committed to helping dentists ad- vance at every level. Because education is an essential tool in achieving this goal, the company will host a series of virtual educational sessions from 16 to 18 April and make them available to all those who had registered for the symposium. Details about access to these virtual ed- ucational sessions will be communicated soon. Interested parties can find more information at www. nobelbiocare.com/international/en/nobel-biocare-glob- al-symposium, contact their local customer service teams or write to symposium.lasvegas@nobelbiocare.com. 58 1 2020

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| international imprint Imprint International Administration International Headquarters Dental Tribune International GmbH Holbeinstr. 29, 04229 Leipzig, Germany Tel.: +49 341 48474-302 Fax: +49 341 48474-173 General requests: info@dental-tribune.com Sales requests: mediasales@dental-tribune.com www.dental-tribune.com Printed by Löhnert Druck Handelsstraße 12 04420 Markranstädt, Germany Publisher and Chief Executive Ofcer Torsten R. Oemus t.oemus@dental-tribune.com Editor-in-Chief Dr Scott D. Ganz Managing Editor Magda Wojtkiewicz m.wojtkiewicz@dental-tribune.com Designers Stephan Krause Franziska Schmid Copy Editors Sabrina Raaff Ann-Katrin Paulick Editorial Board Prof. Gerwin Arnetzl (Austria) Dr Christian Brenes (USA) Dr Ansgar Cheng (Singapore) Dr Scott D. Ganz (USA) Hans Geiselhöringer (Germany) Lars Hansson (USA) Uli Hauschild (Italy) Dr Stefan Holst (Germany) Prof. Albert Mehl (Switzerland) Chief Financial Ofcer Dan Wunderlich Chief Content Ofcer Claudia Duschek Clinical Editors Nathalie Schüller Magda Wojtkiewicz Editors Franziska Beier Jeremy Booth Brendan Day Monique Mehler Kasper Mussche Iveta Ramonaite Executive Producer Gernot Meyer Advertising Disposition Marius Mezger Art Director Alexander Jahn Copyright Regulations All rights reserved. © 2020 Dental Tribune International GmbH. Reproduction in any manner in any language, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Dental Tribune International GmbH is expressly prohibited. Dental Tribune International GmbH makes every effort to report clinical information and manufacturers’ product news accurately but cannot assume responsibility for the validity of product claims or for typographical errors. The publisher also does not assume responsibility for product names, claims or statements made by advertisers. Opinions expressed by authors are their own and may not reflect those of Dental Tribune International GmbH. 62 1 2020

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