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ePaper created 2018-05-16, 11:45:19 | version 1.38.0
Fig. 6 An overview of the unique features of the XP-endo Shaper are demonstrated. The discontinuous adaptive debridement motion kinesis mimics Schilder’s envelope of motion exactly. Fig. 6 titioner is limited in the capacity to scrape the walls of the nonround root canal space; at best, a round file can brush the walls to facilitate an enhanced disinfec- tion. Alternative methods must be applied to remove toxins unreachable by tradi- tional files. The XP-endo Finisher was designed to be adjunctive to the XP-endo Shaper. The Finisher has many properties that allow it to gain access and scrape untouched com- ponents of the canal walls, and the turbu- lence it produces in the canal irrigant enhances its antimicrobial properties. The file has a #25 tip diameter with a 0.00 taper. It is extremely flexible and thus has tremendous resistance to cyclic fatigue. Its primary action within the root canal is to scrape the walls that it contacts rather than debride and sculpt a shape into the wall of the canal. When the file is cooled below 35 °C, it is in the martensitic phase. It can be bent to any other shape when in this phase. When the file is heated to body tem- perature (37 °C), it will change to the aus- tenitic phase. When the file is rotated in the austenitic phase, it creates a uniquely shaped cleaning instrument: The apical 10 mm of the file transforms into a bulb shape coronally while retaining a tip in the last few millimeters. Since the depth of the spoon is 1.5 mm, the total diameter of the bulb and tip is 3.0 mm. However, if the bulb is squeezed, the tip will expand to a maximum of 6 mm; if the tip is squeezed, the bulb will likewise expand to a #300 file (Fig. 9a); however, since the instru- ment cannot cut, the only impact on the dentin is optimized scraping. Therefore, if moved up and down in the canal, the bulb and tip will expand or contract in concert with the natural 3-D diameter of the canal. Maximum loss of length when transforming from straight to full austen- itic phase is 1 mm. The small core diameter of the file maintains its flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance, causing it to scrape, not shape, the dentinal walls. This, plus the turbu- lence that is created in the irrigant, results in a large surface area of the canal being touched by the file and removal of biofilm that would never be removed by round files. Figure 9b shows the action of the XP-endo Finisher. In the martensitic phase, the Finisher is placed in the canal before it changes to full austenitic phase. The middle illustration demonstrates full austenitic phase at canal temperature; the file will expand to the extent that is deter- mined by the canal anatomy. By moving the Finisher up and down in a 7–8 mm swath, it expands and contracts according to the anatomy of the canal. A recent study demonstrated the efficacy of the Finisher in comparison with traditional modes regarding hard-tissue debris removal; 14 the results are reflected in Figure 10. A more recent study showed that the Finisher had the greatest bacte- rial reduction compared with standard needle irrigation, sonic agitation with the EndoActivator and PIPS (photon-initiated photoactivated acoustic streaming).15 Figure 11 is an example of the unique action of the Finisher. The irregularity in Article Endodontics issue 2018 — 37