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B a c t e r i a l c o l o n i z a t i o n o n d i f f e r e n t a b u t m e n t m a t e r i a l s Conclusion Competing interests Within the limitations of this study, anodized titanium abutments proved to have similar bac- terial accumulation compared with pure tita- nium abutments. A low concentration of chlor- hexidine for a limited period of time (0.05% for 10 min) proved to be effective in disinfecting contaminated abutment surfaces. The present trial was partially funded by Sweden & Martina for the manufacture of the abut- ments. Nevertheless, the data belonged to the authors and by no means did the manufacturer interfere with the conduct of the trial or the pub- lication of the results. 21. Yamada Y, Yamada M, Ueda T, Sakurai K. Reduction of biofilm formation on titanium surface with ultraviolet-C pre-irradiation. → J Biomater Appl. 2013 Dec 23;29(2):161–71. 22. Levine MM. Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in humans and animals. → Ciba Found Symp. 1981;80:142–60. 23. 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