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B a c t e r i a l c o l o n i z a t i o n o n d i f f e r e n t a b u t m e n t m a t e r i a l s Abutment type Cleaning treatment S. haemolyticus Bacterial solution > 1 × 104 Titanium abutment without anodization Gold hue anodized titanium abutment Pink hue anodized titanium abutment Zirconia abutment No treatment Sterile water 0.05% chlorhexidine Bacterial solution No treatment Sterile water 0.05% chlorhexidine Bacterial solution No treatment Sterile water 0.05% chlorhexidine Bacterial solution No treatment Sterile water Table 1 Microbiological assessment of bacterial contamination of abutment surfaces after the 3 cleaning treatments tested. Results, expressed as number of colony-forming units (CFU) per abutment, are reported as mean (± standard deviation). Bacterial growth regarding the positive control (bacterial solution) is expressed as CFU/mL. Figs. 1A–D Abutments used for the protocol: (A) machined Grade 5 pure titanium abutment without anodization; (B) machined pink hue anodized titanium abutment; (C) machined gold hue anodized titanium abutment; (D) zirconia abutment with titanium connector. 600.00 (282.80) 101.00 (19.80) 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 Table 1 S. pyogenes >1 × 104 300.00 (70.71) 200.00 (17.68) 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 S. pyogenes >1 × 104 1100.00 (585.90) 111.00 (20.30) 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 500.00 (141.40) 1300.00 (212.10) 1600.00 (757.20) 119.00 (36.77) 200.00 (30.41) 123.00 (14.53) 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 1100.00 (282.80) 1500.00 (495.00) 4000.00 (818.50) 152.00 (34.65) 200.00 (4.95) 108.00 (36.76) 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 0.00 (0.00) > 1 × 104 900.00 (141.40) 2600.00 (636.40) 3400.00 (953.90) 136.00 (49.50) 200.00 (16.97) 0.05% chlorhexidine 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 62.00 (12.77) 0.00 (0.00) Figs. 1A–D A B C D analyzed according to analysis of variance and Student’s t-test. Results consequently on the culture plates, limiting colony growth to the first quadrant (P < 0.05 with regard to abutment contamination and P < 0.01 with regard to bacterial suspension). Immersion in a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution prevented any bacterial growth. The Evita supersaturated bacterial suspensions showed growth until the third quadrant of the culture plates. The samples taken from the con- taminated and not cleansed abutments showed a limited growth to the second quadrant. The sterile water solution significantly reduced the bacterial concentration on the specimens and When comparing different abutment types, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Bacterial growth on culture plates was similar for all decontamina- tion treatments (P < 0.05). The results were similar for all 3 types of bacteria taken into account, as shown in Table 1. 34 Volume 4 | Issue 1/2018 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation