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interview | I think that, before being a very good specialist, one needs to be an amazing generalist. One needs to under- stand a little bit of everything, have a comprehensive, global understanding. It is then possible to choose what we like the most and specialise in that field. The problem is that sometimes people specialise without seeing the big picture and I think it is a limitation. What do you see as being the most important skill or skills to become a smile designer? A problem in dentistry that we need to address is the separation between the specialties. An example would be that, for me, it is a great honour to be here. Orthodon- tics is a new world to me. It makes me understand, real- ise, that I knew very little about it and orthodontists know very little of my world, restorative dentistry. We need to close this gap and that is one of the things that are very important to become a smile designer. If one is an orthodontist, one is a smile designer; if one does restorative dentistry, one is a smile designer; if one performs orthognathic surgery, one is a smile designer, but a true smile designer connects everything, and unfor- tunately, there is still a separation. We need to understand better that the patient does not care what one’s specialty is. As a dentist, one needs to become an orofacial expert, to go beyond dentistry, to understand the face, the lip dynamics, plastic surgery, dermatology, a little bit of all the specialties, because the patient deserves a compre- hensive planning, and to understand what is best for the patient, one needs an understanding beyond the special- ties to have a complete picture. That is the main skill for a modern smile designer, understanding the big picture. It is necessary to understand the basics to be able to educate the patient about the possibilities. I think we will become modern smile designers when we can understand a little bit about all these pieces and then be able to work as a team with specialists in all the different specialties. Therefore, continuing education is very important. Is it a requirement in Brazil for dentists? Unfortunately, it is not an obligation in Brazil. I think though that the market itself will push people into it. I see that being a complete orofacial expert makes total sense for the patient and I think people understand that. When one goes to a physician, one doesn’t want one who understands only the area where one’s pain is; one wants a physician with a greater vision, to understand the con- nections of one’s pain with one’s whole body. So too with a dentist: before going to a specialist, one wants a den- tist that sees everything and can refer one based on this. The dentist can help his or her patients much more than what people imagine. I like the concept of orthodon- tist Dr William Arnett, who became one of the top orthog- nathic surgeons. He said that if one wants to become a real dentist, one needs to take care of the face from the aesthetic standpoint, the airway because the patient needs to breath well to be healthy and the bite because occlusion is essential and that connects the whole body as well in terms of posture and balance, etc. We need to extend our vision to take care of all of this. You are usually at congresses to lecture. Do you sometimes attend to learn, expand your knowledge? I don’t know about orthodontic congresses, since this is one of the first I have attended, but in my area, restorative dentistry, periodontics, implantology, etc., many lectures are becoming kind of boring because people seem to have been talking about the same things for the last ten years. I think an ideal congress should provide three aspects, three types of speakers: the ultra- specialised speaker, going in depth about the details and exploring better ways to do the same things that we have been doing—usually congresses are too focused on having these presenters only—and I believe that another third of the presenters should be generalists who see the big picture and talk about a comprehensive vision, holistic integration, for example here connecting the orthodon- tic world with taking care of the human being as a whole, health in general, and finally, another third of the speakers should be there to talk about innovation, about thinking outside the box, and trends. These three aspects for me are important to give quality to a congress. I am not sure though that what is presented during congresses is actually widely used by dentists. To what extent do these trends and new technologies (cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:64)(cid:75)(cid:75)(cid:88)(cid:216)(cid:218)(cid:77)(cid:67)(cid:216)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:216)(cid:86)(cid:64)(cid:88)(cid:216)(cid:72)(cid:77)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:216)(cid:79)(cid:81)(cid:64)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:82)(cid:216)(cid:67)(cid:78)(cid:216)(cid:88)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:216)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:30)(cid:216)(cid:40)(cid:216)(cid:67)(cid:78)(cid:216) hope, but am not certain that the digital approach is as widely used as it should be. I think there is a tendency to over-complicate things. The reality on the podium, in research, at universities and in lectures compared with the reality in the dental office, where one needs to make the patient happy, follow basic ethical principles, as well as make money and run a busi- ness, means one needs to find a balance between it all to deliver care that one can be proud of. The digital approach is just starting; it is a huge paradigm shift and it will take time. People fight against changes and don’t like to change, preferring their com- fort zones, but that is not just in dentistry. There is a time of shift, then there are the early adopters, the people who have a business vision, who really make money out of these new ideas, and after a few years, the majority start to really come on board. That is the process of life. The smart people and the people who will really benefit from these changes and innovations are the ones that under- stand how to incorporate these ideas and create a busi- ness model around them. Thank you very much for your time. ortho 1 2018 47