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Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation No. 4, 2017

P r o x i m i t y o f m a n d i b u l a r f i r s t a n d s e c o n d m o l a r s t o I A C Fig. 2 Titles and abstracts obtained from electronic database (PubMed = 75; Scopus = 5; Web of Science = 14) Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the article selection process. Excluded studies, not relevant (n = 74) Relevant studies after assessment of titles and abstracts (n = 20) Excluded studies after scrutiny of full texts (n = 10) Suitable studies after scrutiny of full texts (n = 10) Articles excluded based on ambiguity of content and inadequate information (n = 1) Full-text articles included for systematic review (n = 9) similar characteristics and data is illustrated in Figures 3 to 11. Discussion According to the studies in Table 1, the distance of the IAN from the apices of fi rst and second molars ranged from 0.00 to 14.71 mm. The aver- age mean distance was found to be 7.3 mm. These findings were from both 2-D and 3-D imaging techniques (Fig. 12). The distance varied according to factors such as sex, age and race (Table 2). the average distance was 1.31–14.71 mm in men and 0.00–6.90 mm in women.6 A study by Adigüzel et al. on a Turkish population found that the distance from the IAN to fi rst molars in men was 5.1 mm mesially and 4.8 mm distally and for women was 4.4 mm mesially and approximately 4.1 mm distally.8 The difference in distance between men and women may be due to men generally having a larger bone structure and consequently a greater distance between apices and fi rst and second molars.7 Hence, clinically, there will be a greater possibility of iatrogenic nerve damage in women compared with men.1 S e x A g e Recent studies Hiremath et al. and Adigüzel et al. considered sex as one of the factors in their studies that may infl uence proximity of the IAN to the apices of fi rst and second molars.6, 8 These studies found that the distance from the IAN to the apices of fi rst and second molars was smaller in women than in men.6, 7 Studying an Indian population, Hiremath et al. found that the dis- tance of the mesial apices of fi rst molars from the IAN was 1.46–13.2 mm in men and 0.93–8.03 mm in women, and for second molar, Bürklein et al. and Adigüzel et al. considered age also as a factor in their studies to determine proximity of the IAN to the apices of fi rst, second and third molars.7, 8 In a study conducted on a German population, Bürklein et al. sought to determine the proximity of the IAN to the apices of mandibular fi rst and second molars.7 They found that the distance from the IAN to the man- dibular first, second and third molars was smaller in patients younger than 35 years when compared with older age groups. Adigüzel et al. Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Volume 3 | Issue 4/2017 51

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