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P r o x i m i t y o f m a n d i b u l a r f i r s t a n d s e c o n d m o l a r s t o I A C Fig. 1 Fig. 1 Prevalence of causes of inferior alveolar nerve injury. titles and abstracts, 74 articles found to be dupli- cates and not to meet the criteria were elimi- nated. Ten articles were included for full-text reading and one study was eliminated. The 3-D studies Hiremath et al.,6 Kawashima et al.,1 Chong et al.,2 Bürklein et al.,7 Adigüzel et al.8 and Simonton et al.9 were included for further data analysis. The 2-D studies Tilotta-Yasukawa et al.10 and Littner et al.11 were included for the sake of comparison. A summary of the included articles found in the search of the databases is provided in Table 1. D a t a c o l l e c t i o n a n d a n a l y s i s The data were the year of publication, author, country of study, type of imaging modality, model of CBCT machine, technical specifi cations and the distances in millimeters measured from the apices of mandibular fi rst and second molars to the IAC. Meta-analyses were planned only when suff icient similarities were found among the included studies with regard to the side of mandible, that is, right or left; mesial or distal root; fi rst or second molar; male or female. Sub- group analyses were conducted for diff erent quadrants of the mandible, sex and tooth. Mean diff erences and standard deviations were used to summarize the data in the studies with con- tinuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. A forest plot was con- structed using Review Manager (Version 5.3, Nordic Cochrane Centre, Cochrane Collabora- tion, Copenhagen, Denmark). A s s e s s m e n t o f r i s k o f b i a s i n i n c l u d e d s t u d i e s Based on the design and content of the selected studies, their quality was evaluated inde- pendently by two reviewers (SK and STS). The risk of bias assessment was not possible owing to nonavailability of clinical trials and the nature of the study. It was only possible to extract data from secondary data. Results Among 94 articles, the authors selected 9 arti- cles, including 7studies that used a 3-D imaging modality, for further analysis. Since the review made use of secondary data, it was not possible to comment on risk of bias. The sample size ranged from 216 to 999 adults. This review identifi ed an average mean distance of 7.3 mm (range: 0.00–14.71 mm) from the apices of man- dibular fi rst and second molars to the IAC. The mean diff erence (IV, fi xed, 95% CI) on both sides of the mandible for fi rst molars in women was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.48) and for second molars was 0.50 (95% CI: -0.00, 1.01) compared with 0.31 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.54) for fi rst molars in men and 0.23 (95% CI: -0.51, 0.98) for second molars. The proportion of women to men whose fi rst or second molars were closely located to the IAC was 3 to 1. According to some studies, the distance was smaller in young individuals. The meta-analysis of the articles that had 50 Volume 3 | Issue 4/2017 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation