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M o u t h w a s h e s a n d b a c t e r i a o n s u t u r e t h r e a d s Antimicrobial efficacy of mouthwashes containing zinc-substituted nanohydroxy- apatite and zinc L-pyrrolidone carboxylate on suture threads after surgical procedures Saverio Cosola,a, b Simone Marconcini,a, b Enrica Giammarinaro,a, c Olivia Marchisio,a Marco Lelli,d Norberto Roverid & Anna Maria Genovesia, e a Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy b Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy c Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain d “Giacomo Ciamician” Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy e Department of General Hygiene, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy C o r r e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r : Dr. Saverio Cosola Tuscan Stomatologic Institute Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara, 39 55045 Forte dei Marmi LU Italy T +39 0584 605 9888 F +39 0584 605 8716 saverio.cosola@gmail.com Abstract O b j e c t i v e Suture threads used after oral surgery may be colonized by pathogenic microorganisms which could infect the surrounding tissue and impair the wound-healing process. Therefore, the postoperative use of anti- microbial mouthwashes is highly recommended. In this study, a mouth- wash containing zinc-substituted nanohydroxyapatite (Zn-nHAp) and zinc L-pyrrolidone carboxylate (Zn-PCA) was compared with a product containing chlorhexidine for its efficacy in reducing microbial adherence to suture threads. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s Twenty-six patients subjected to minimal surgical interventions were randomized into a chlorhexidine group (C-group; n = 13) and a hydroxy- apatite group (H-group; n = 13). All of the subjects followed a postoper- ative home treatment with a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine and a mouthwash containing Zn-nHAp/Zn-PCA, respectively. After their removal, suture threads were cut into segments and bacteria present on them were allowed to grow in different media and under different con- ditions. Colony-forming units were then enumerated. R e s u l t s H o w t o c i t e t h i s a r t i c l e : Cosola S, Marconcini S, Giammarinaro E, Marchisio O, Lelli M, Roveri N, Genovesi AM. Antimicrobial efficacy of mouthwashes containing zinc-substituted nanohydroxyapatite and zinc L-pyrrolidone carboxylate on suture threads after surgical procedures. J Oral Science Rehabilitation. 2017 Dec;3(4):24–30. Quantification of mesophilic bacteria, Lactobacillus spp and total bac- terial load and the search for specific anaerobic strains resulted in no statistically significant differences between the C-group and H-group. Hydroxyapatite, zinc ions and Zn-PCA are all endowed with antimicrobial properties. All of them presumably contribute to the overall high anti- microbial efficacy shown by oral care products containing a combination of these components. C o n c l u s i o n The mouthwash containing Zn-nHAp and Zn-PCA was found to possess at least the same antibacterial efficacy as the mouthwash containing chlorhexidine, but without exerting the typical side effects of chlor- hexidine itself. K e y w o r d s Zinc-substituted nanohydroxyapatite, zinc L-pyrrolidone carboxylate, bacterial load, mouthwash, suture thread. 24 Volume 3 | Issue 4/2017 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation