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ePaper created 2017-09-12, 09:26:18 | version 1.38.0
treatments of teeth with open apical foramen study | 95 evaluated teeth were non-vital (see case 3). 38 % were treated by VitA, 52 % by VitE. The first man- dibular molars were represented most with 48 cases. Patient recall did not take place. In contrast to clinics, patient loyalty nevertheless allowed a clinical control of all 95 cases, which was done after an average of 73 months. 75 cases were subject to X-ray control. The actually evaluated X-ray had been taken after an average of 70 months. 49 of the 75 cases had more than one follow-up X-ray taken so that X-ray interpre- tations could have been done for various time inter- vals thus allowing control of the further apical devel- opment. A first control X-ray was generally available after 34.6 months. 18 cases of the more than one fol- low-up X-rays documented a continuous matura- tion. For lack of previous X-rays, the result of 31 cases of final apical condition after 34.6 months does not mean that apexification or apexogenesis could not have been occurred prior to this time, which could have been clarified in a prospective study only. How- ever, the radiographic observation period of 70 months is long compared to other publications. The longest is indicated by Herforth (1981) with 3.9 years after treatment of 541 front teeth, condition after acci- dent, with calcium hydroxide and Jodoform and with four years by Cvek (1972), who evaluated the data of 328 immature luxated/subluxated maxillary front teeth treated with calcium hydroxide by 58 practition- ers. 12 months after MTA treatment of 30 single-root, non-vital teeth with open apical foramen Annamalai and Mungara (2010) obtained the following results: apical healing 100 %, apexification 86.6 %, root exten- sion 30 %. After an observation time of 12–44 months, Holden et al. (2008) determined a success rate of 85 % (N=17) for their 20 teeth treated by MTA in several appointments. The healing and apexification process was not subject to recall interval. However, advanced growth of the apices after N2 application over a period of several years could have been well observed in the present study (average: without extension 71 months, with extension 117 months), possibly due to the different characteristics of MTA versus N2. The authors Simon et al. (2007) observed 43 single- rooted teeth with open apical foramen that had been one-stage treated with MTA for a time of 12 up to 36 months. They stated a complete healing in 65 %, an incomplete healing in 30 % and an ‘apical closure’ in 26 % of these cases (N = 11). The radiographic diag- nosis of the present study is: 78.8 % positively with- out apical periodontitis, 9.3 % apical periodontitis questionable, 12 % apical periodontitis with 85.3 % MAP Kits Available Kits for the MAP System In cooperation with experts in endodontics and dental surgeons worldwide, we have developed and are proud to introduce 4 different kits available for the MAP System. Each kit meets the specific needs of the different MAP System users (novice or accustomed general practitioner, endodontist and dental surgeon). The MAP Needles now come with colored plastic plungers according to their respective diameter, for easier use and size identification. The MAP System provides a unique and efficient method, enabling any dentist to place MTA or other endodontic repair materials with precision and no waste. www.pdsa.ch AD PD MTA White PD MTA White Endodontic filling material. 4 applications (4140 mg) and 1 bottle of 3 ml pure H2O a Proud Member of the roots 3 2017 13