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K i n e s i o g r a p h i c e v a l u a t i o n i n o r t h o d o n t i c p a t i e n t s b b c c Figs. 1a–c Figs. 2a–c a a Figs. 1a–c The patient after orthodontic treatment (several years ago) with the second premolar extraction. Figs. 2a–c The patient after orthodontic treatment with space closure (primary edentia of tooth #22). Introduction In order to determine a correct, comprehensive diagnosis of the maxillofacial system and the muscle chains, different methods of diagnosis are used, such as clinical examination, facial pro- file and photometry, anthropometric diagnostics of the dentition and occlusion, radiographic diag- nostics (dental panoramic tomogram, lateral cephalogram, CT, MRI, etc.) and functional diag- nosis (kinesiography, electromyography, myo- stimulation, posotonic state identification, etc.). All these methods have been extensively inves- tigated and applied in the orthodontic depart- ment of the Moscow State University of Medi- cine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia. Owing to these kinds of diagnostic equipment, a correla- tion between orthodontic treatment with den- tition size and shape reduction (owing to tooth extraction [Figs. 1a–c] or partial primary or sec- ondary tooth edentia [Figs. 2a–c]) and temporo- mandibular disorder (TMD) has been observed. In orthodontic practice, it is required to decide between extracting a tooth and closing the gap in the case of edentia. It is necessary to state that these border cases arise rather rapid- ly. It was decided to assess this issue from the perspective of different orthodontic approaches. The study was based on several scientific arti- cles.1–20 All of the structures of our body are phylo- genetically connected. There is obvious conti- nuity from vertebral column to cranium. All cranial bones are generated from the first three vertebrae during the evolutionary process. There are also two subsystems that unite the entire body: the craniosacral and craniomandib- ular ones, joining together in the central nervous system. They are divided into musculoaponeu- rotic chains, starting from the cranial bones.21, 22 In light of this, it is necessary to know that all body systems are able to change during ortho- dontic treatment. Occlusal changes also influ- ence the connection of cranial bones and as a result they can lead to TMD. By reorganizing the systems, we can improve stability and quality of treatment. Therefore, while different authors’ conclu- sions about extraction or nonextraction treat- ment are based on clinical, radiographic, CT or MRI examination, there are insufficient data on muscle adaptation to decide on the treatment in this case. There are no scientific reports on changes to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and muscle system after orthodontic treatment with dentition size and shape reduction (owing to tooth extraction or partial primary or second- ary tooth edentia). This makes it difficult to eval- uate the treatment choices properly in relation to the effect on the muscles and TMJ. These parameters are known as being essential for patients’ health. Consequently, the aim of this study was to improve diagnostic methods after orthodontic treatment with dentition size and shape reduction using computed diagnostic equipment. Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Volume 3 | Issue 2/2017 43