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P l a s m a e f f e c t o n a b u t m e n t s (VAP 1; Zhermack, Cologne, Germany) before delivery. The test group abutments, after being milled, polished and cleaned for 30 s (VAP 1), underwent argon plasma treatment (75 W power and -10 MPa pressure for 12 min at room temperature) in a plasma reactor (Diener elec- tronic, Jettingen, Germany) present in the same clinical facility, but in a different room. H i s t o l o g i c a l p r e p a r a t i o n Individual bone blocks containing one implant each and the surrounding soft and hard tissue were fixed in a 4% formaldehyde solution. The blocks were dehydrated in a series of graded alcohol solutions and finally embedded in resin (LR White, hard grade; London Resin Company, Berkshire, U.K.). The blocks were cut in a bucco- lingual plane using a diamond band saw fitted in a precision slicing machine (EXAKT Apparate- bau, Norderstedt, Germany) and then reduced to a thickness of about 50–60 μm using a cutting– grinding device (EXAKT Apparatebau). The histological slides were stained with alizarin red and Stevenel’s blue and examined under a standard light microscope for histometric analy- sis. H i s t o l o g i c a l a n a l y s i s In a microscope at 100× magnification, the fol- lowing landmarks were identified: the shoulder of the implant (IS), the most coronal bone- to- implant contact (B), the top of the adjacent bony Table 1 Comparison between test and control groups one month after implant placement. Data are presented in mm as mean ± standard deviation (Median; IRQ 25th–75th mm). Table 2 Comparison between test and control groups two months after implant placement. Data are presented in mm as mean ± standard deviation (Median; IRQ 25th–75th mm). Table 3 Comparison between one and two months timepoints. Data are presented in mm. n 8 8 n 8 7 Test Control p value Test Control p value IS-B IS-C PM-C PM-AJE 1.43 ± 0.99 0.67 ± 0.53 2.61 ± 0.37 2.39 ± 0.33 (1.25; 0.89–1.93) 0.51; 0.26–0.96 2.54; 2.38–2.78 2.36; 2.29–2.48 1.61 ± 0.74 0.50 ± 0.59 2.59 ± 0.36 2.59 ± 0.41 (1.53; 1.35–1.81) 0.37; 0.22–0.81 2.55; 2.33–3.75 2.48; 2.32–2.82 0.711 0.562 0.960 0.342 IS-B IS-C PM-C PM-AJE 1.72 ± 0.70 0.50 ± 0.48 2.59 ± 0.27 2.78 ± 0.44 1.64; 1.28–2.29 0.45; 0.23–0.66 2.51; 2.45–2.70 2.79; 2.55–3.05 2.18 ± 0.71 0.91 ± 0.64 2.86 ± 0.84 2.42 ± 0.64 1.98; 1.56–2.58 0.64; 0.49–1.20 2.59; 2.40–3.02 2.69; 1.95–2.81 0.453 0.222 0.904 0.327 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 1 month 2 months 1 month 2 months Test p value Control p value n 8 8 8 7 IS-B IS-C PM-C PM-AJE 1.43 ± 0.99 0.67 ± 0.53 2.61 ± 0.37 2.39 ± 0.33 1.72 ± 0.70 0.50 ± 0.48 2.59 ± 0.27 2.78 ± 0.44 0,385 0,131 0,879 0,042 1.61 ± 0.74 0.50 ± 0.59 2.59 ± 0.36 2.59 ± 0.41 2.18 ± 0.71 2.91 ± 0.64 2.86 ± 0.84 2.42 ± 0.64 0.360 0.274 0.342 0.520 12 Volume 3 | Issue 2/2017 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation