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The scientific advancements are many and include knowledge of the anatomical variation of each tooth, the histological response of the human body to diferent materials, and the biomaterials used in endodontics. A: There are many diferences and prob- ably diferent commitments. A general dentist has to provide the full range of treatments for his or her patients, includ- ing endodontic treatment. This is a con- siderable task. In the U.S., the majority of root canal therapies are actually per- formed by general dentists and this is probably true everywhere around the globe. General dentists should be confident in providing primary endodontic therapy, that is, conventional endodontics. They should take advantage of the technolog- ical innovations in endodontics and use them to their best ability. They should also be aware of what can be achieved in the hands of a specialist, that certain treat- ments are feasible, that many endodonti- cally compromised teeth can still be saved and have a good long-term prognosis. Endodontic specialists complete advanced education in endodontics through a postgraduate program. Gen- erally, they limit their practice to end- odontics. They provide conventional end- odontic treatment, but mainly treat challenging cases of complex anatomy, multirooted teeth, traumatized teeth, endodontic retreatments and endodon- tic microsurgery. Many patients would like to retain their natural dentition for as long as possible. Endodontic specialists can provide a wide range of treatments in many cases. Com- munication between general dentists and endodontists is very important for suc- cessful patient management. In this regard, case selection is a key factor for a general dentist. In fact, many general dentists know that, in certain clinical situ- ations, the best service they can provide to their patients is to refer them to the specialist. A cautious general dentist knows also when the case has to be referred, before it is too late, that is, before a perforation occurs or before an instrument separation ruins his day. Even in these challenging situations, however, very often, a specialist can still save the tooth. This is probably one of the com- mitments of an endodontic specialist, to shift the prognosis of an endodontically compromised tooth. Q: What is the aim of your course in the Clinical Masters™ Program in Endodontics? A: The purpose of the course is to share with participants our clinical experience and knowledge. Most of my everyday clin- ical work focuses on retreatments, non- surgical and surgical. Over the years, we have identified which instrument or approach works best in the particular clin- ical situation. Participants will be guided through treating complex clinical cases and learning new technologies, materials and techniques step by step, keeping in mind the philosophy of a safe and e(cid:3)cient approach. Thank you very much for the interview. Interview Endodontics issue 2017 — 45