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Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation 36 Volume 2 | Issue 4/2016 I m p l a n t s u r f a c e s a n d b l a s t e d w i t h t i t a n i u m d i o x i d e m i c r o p a r t i c l e s close to ± 1 this indicates that the variables are correlated; however, the relationship is linear) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, similar to Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with -1 < R < 1.This measurementwas more compre- hensive because we assessed whether the rela- tionship between the variables was nonlinear. All of the tests were performed using specific software (MedCalc, MedCalc Software, Belgi- um).Thelevelofsignificancewassetatʸ=0.05. Results The surgical procedureswere uneventful and all of the animals presented appropriate healing within the first weeks after surgery. Inspections made duringtwo postoperativeweeks indicated no infection orinflammation.The biomechanical tests indicated osseointegration of all ofthe im- plants, but torque after four weeks was higher intheTgroup (71.0 ± 13.4 N cm; median of73.5) than in the C group (54.5 ± 10.0 N cm; median of 56.5). The mean ± standard deviations and the statistical comparison are presented in Figure5.Thepairedstatisticaltestsshowedthat torque was significantly higher in the T group than in the C group at four weeks (p < 0.0001). BIC%washigherintheTgroup(64.8±7.4%; median of 66.0) after four weeks than in the C group (50.4 ± 7.9%; median of 49.5). These data and statisticalsignificance (p = 0.0005) are shown in Figure6.The newboneformed around the implants in the C group was not completely mineralized (Fig. 7). In the T group, however, better organization and mineralization were found after four weeks (Fig. 8) and there was betterstimulation ofthe medullarybone portion (Fig. 9). TheKolmogorov–Smirnovtestidentifiedthat onlythe BIC% oftheTgroup had nonparametric data. Thus, the correlation between reverse torque and BIC% (machined)was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R = -0.52; p = 0.08; 95% CI [-0.84–0.07]), whereas the correlation between reverse torque and BIC% (treated) was determined by Spearman’s corre- lation coefficient (R = 0.08; p = 0.79; 95% CI [-0.51–0.62]).The statistical data are summari- zed in Table 1. Discussion Over the past decades, several in vivo studies have examinedthe effect ofimplant surfaces on bone healing and apposition.23, 24 Modifications in implant surface morphology and roughness were initiallyattemptedto hasten host response to implants andto increasethe level ofmechan- ical interlock between the bone and implant surface, thus improving initial stability and sub- Fig. 5 Fig. 5 Removal torque values (N cm) at four weeks in both groups.