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| study non-surgical treatment 30 roots 3 2016 riod, an average of 5,295 cases attained a minimum ofonefollow-upX-rayafter7.14years:4,886(60.3 %) in vital teeth, 409 (74.9 %) in non-vital teeth. The fol- low-up X-ray diagnoses are shown in Table 3. X-ray diagnosis < 4 years after RCT (n = 1,482) re- vealed a radiographical failure of 9.9 %. This radio- graphical failure rate decreased to 8.3 % when diag- nosis was made > 4 years after the RCT. Outoftheentityof713failures(8.2 %ofallRCTs), 514(5.9 %ofallRCTs)wereincorporatedwithX-ray. In doing so, the failure of 465 cases (90.5 %) was proved radiographically; 49 failures (9.5 %) were not substantiated in the X-ray. Another 199 cases (2.3 % of all RCTs) in form of acute exacerbations had to be judged as clinical failures without fol- low-up X-ray: 139 (1.72 %) in vital, 60 (10.98 %) in non-vitalteeth.Fifty-fivefailuresremainedwithout therapy. In 13 cases, therapy was limited to a non- contact grinding. Four hundred and twelve failures (57.8 %) were extracted, failures increased ex- traction rate to the 2.8-fold. Fourteen factors had been evaluated (Table 1) regarding extraction and failure rate. Five of these factors(operator,vitalitystatuspriortoRCT,preop- erative AP, preoperative symptoms, number of ap- pointments) did not have a significant influence to the extractions statistically, whereas three factors (sex, insurance condition, preoperative symptoms) did not have a significant influence to failure. Of the RCTs, 58.7 % were carried out by the author himself, and 41.3 % by his assistant doctors. Cox re- gressionshowedahigherfailureriskfortheassistant casesversustheauthor:however,therewasnohigher extraction risk. The clientele consisted of 51.4 % male and 48.6 % femalepatients.Regardingfailuresandextractions,a significant statistic difference between the sexes could not have been observed in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.417). With regards to insurance, 59 % of the patients were insured by the RVO health insurances (legal health insurance for workers), 26.6 % by insurances for employees, 12.6 % had private health insurance, and1.7 %wereinsuredelsewhere.Thefailureanalysis revealed no difference between the individual insur- ances(p=0.629).Coxregressionshowedalesser(ap- prox.24 %)extractionriskinemployeesandprivately insured patients. The average age of the patients amounted to 36.7 years (6–84). Regarding age, the highest fail- ure rate was observed in patients < 30 years, how- ever, they had the lowest extraction rate. Accord- ing to Cox regression, the middle age group of Fig.3: Survival probability (extraction): restoration. Fig.4: Survival probability:extraction, re-intervention,clinical failure, radiographic failure. Diagnosis n % n % n % Success 4474 84.5 4171 85.4 303 74.1 Uncertain 356 6.7 304 6.2 52 12.7 Failure 465 8.8 411 8.4 54 13.2 5295 4886 409 Total Vital Non-vital Table 3: Follow-up X-ray-diagnosis. Fig.3 Fig.4 32016 Success 447484.5417185.430374.1 Uncertain 3566.73046.25212.7 Failure 4658.84118.45413.2 52954886409