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ePaper created 2016-06-09, 15:16:05 | version 1.38.0
Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation 34 Volume 2 | Issue 2/2016 H u m a n i n d u c e d p l u r i p o t e n t s t e m c e l l s f r o m h u m a n o r a l m u c o s a a b c Conclusion Oralmucosaltissuecanbeconvenientlyobtained using a simple and safe procedure and possess- esepigeneticadvantagesforreprogramming.We have successfully established a technique for rapidly and safely generating human iPSCs from oral mucosa using episomal plasmid vectors ex- pressing OCT3/4, shRNA against p53, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28 and Glis1. In order to repair large bone defects caused by trauma, tumors or congenital deficiency, it is necessaryto combine sufficient cell numbers and biomaterials. The acceleratedgenerationofintegration-freehuman iPSCs would facilitate the application of clini- cal-grade iPSC technology for the treatment of large oral tissue or organ defects. Competing interests The authorsdeclarethattheyhave nocompeting interests. Acknowledgments WewishtothankTakakoYamamoto ofthe Foun- dation for Biomedical Research and Innovation forhersupportwithflowcytometryanalysis.This studywas supported bya MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI grant (No. 25463041). Figs. 6a–c IPSCs have the potential to differentiate into three germ layers in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratomas derived from iPSCs at passage 20 revealed the presence of (a) cartilage (mesoderm; red arrow), melanocytes (ectoderm; black arrow), (b) gut-like tube tissue (endoderm; red arrow) and (c) neural tissue (ectoderm; red arrow). Fig. 7 Karyotype analysis of iPSCs at passage 20 using G-band staining. Figs. 6a–c Fig. 7