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unusual endodontic treatment feature | 33 roots 2 2016 lenged the R & D department of COLTENE as dental materials normally function on a much smaller scale. Luckily, the bulk composite Fill-Up! allows to fill cavi- tiesofmorethantheaveragefourtofivecentimetres still using the single-layer technique. Thanks to the experience of the first surgery, the second endodontic treatment ran without any complications. After two hours the right mandibular canine tooth was successfully operated too. The left mandibular canine was radiographed for follow-up. WithinthenextmonthsthesupervisionofLars’eating habits will reflect the results of the two RCTs. A post- operative X-ray documenting the status quo like in a human patient would mean another anaesthesia for thehugeanimalandwillbeexecutedin9to12months. At the moment the polar bear is recovering fast and chewing on regular food again. Fortunately,thezookeepersinAalborgwereversed enoughtoreactfast:theyspottedtheapparentprob- lemsthepolarbearhadwithhisfangsfirst.Acknowl- edging a dental problem in a wild animal can be a challenge and will often be overlooked. Educating caretakersatthezoosaboutdentalproblemsandthe effect this has on the animal, will protect these crea- tures against discomfort and pain and improve their quality of life since early action can be taken. In the small animal dental clinic at Copenhagen University Hanne Kortegaard sees mostly cats and dogs and caters for their endodontic problems and needs. Eu- ropean and American veterinary dentists are com- paratively well-trained given the level of practical education they receive: in their training programme they have to treat several endodontic cases as well as handle a large number of extractions, maxillofa- cial surgical cases as jaw fractures or cancer surgery, orthodontic, prosthodontics and restoration cases. Dentists helping human patients can in fact benefit a lot from the considerable experience of their veter- inary colleagues. Conclusion Operating in extreme conditions clearly demon- strates how much even a skilled and experienced dentist relies on dependable material that is easy to handle. Time constraints sometimes add extra pres- sure on the treatment as such. Innovative 2-in-1- filling systems combine sealer and gutta-percha for a tight seal of the root canal. State-of-the-art com- posites also add to the success of the restoration. With the help of tried and tested material endodon- tic problems can be cured really fast, which means thatnobodyhastoenduretoothache—whetheritis sensitive human beings or stout Nordic creatures._ about Hanne Kortegaard works as a Seniorvet in the surgery group at the Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences at Copenhagen University, Denmark. She specialis- es in veterinary dentistry, mainly in small animals and helps in treating zoo animals in Denmark whenever called. Since 1998 Kortegaard has been teaching veterinary students in veterinary dentistry and surgery. Polar bear Lars was born in 1993 in the Zoo Hellabrunn, Munich. In line with the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) he lived in various German zoos, i.e. Hellabrunn, Berlin,Wuppertal and Rostock. In 2015 he was moved to the Aalborg Zoo in Denmark.The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is classified as a so-called vulnerable species with varying estimates of global population numbers. In wildlife, polar bears face growing habitat loss due to climate change, pollution and oil and gas development. Website www.coltene.com Documentation is also available on YouTube under the title “Endo Treatment Polar Bear Lars, COLTENE 2015”. 22016