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ePaper created 2016-03-29, 15:23:51 | version 1.38.0
Table 1: Examples of Ac values. | feature wellbeing 30 cosmetic dentistry 1 2016 defined=100forCIED65illuminant.Ac iscalculated according to Equation 2. Ac makes it easy to compare the impact of dif- ferent lights on the nervous system. It has a value of 100 for the reference D65 daylight. Values for some common light sources and black body tem- peratures are tabulated in Table 1. Besides the daily rhythms, physiological rhythms of high/low tide, weekly rhythms, lunar and annual rhythms are known. Lack of light during winter contributes to sleepi- ness and the need for longer sleep, but also to sea- sonal affective disorder (SAD), known as the winter blues. This can be treated by bright light therapy (phototherapy);10,000luxateyelevelfor30minutes is a proven efficient dose.11 For personal application, sunshine simulators are used. In contrast to indus- trial sun simulators, these are luminaries for illumi- natingtheeyesandface.Deskorwallluminarieswith fluorescent lamps are well known (usually providing 10,000luxatthediffuser).Portablebattery-powered luminaries with white or blue LEDs are also available on the market. Less known are light visors with embedded LEDs for illuminating the eyes. These aids can ease the start of a new day, but for a permanent effect, lighting with sufficient circadian effect is needed all day long. Appendix This article was first published in Czech Republic in Svetlo magazine in 2010.12 Since then, a new technical rule DIN SPEC 5031-100 has been pub- lished,13 specifying a new shape of ipRGCs sensi- tivity curve, now called smel() peaking at 490 nm, see Fig 2. A new term ‘melanopic’ is now preferred for non-image forming effects of light. A melanopic conversion factor mV, mel, D65 has been defined to compare various lights with D65 daylight (Ac /100 equivalent). Dentalsurgeryisoneofthemostvisuallydemand- ing tasks involving high contrasts. With melanopic effects of light in mind, DentaSun ‘above-the-chair’ dental luminaires have been developed by NASLI. Better light ergonomics, improved sight perfor- mance and minimalised eye fatigue are achieved by an advanced approach in lighting based on non- visual effects, along with a lower perceived contrast and an emphasis on light uniformity. Electric light has been known to alleviate SAD since the 1980s. Nowadays, full spectrum light is used to treat general depression and to restore sleep/wake cycle to improve all kinds of condi- tions including dementia or Alzheimer disease. NASLI phototherapeutic luminaires are used in bright light therapy, dawn/dusk simulation, wake therapy and programmable all-day phototherapy. Chronobiological methods of treatment received statutory healthcare funding in 2015 in the Czech Republic._ Editorialnote:Acompletelistofreferencesisavailablefrom thepublisher. about Antonín Fuksa graduated (MSc) in 2000 at the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering in the field of study Measurement and instrumentation. He currently works as a developer of intelligent luminaires, smart lighting systems and chronobiological phototherapy devices in NASLI. acv{X(λ)} = Km X(λ)C(λ)dλ 380 780 ∫ Km X(λ)V(λ)dλ 380 780 ∫ Ac{X(λ)} =100 XD65 (λ)V(λ)dλ 380 780 ∫ XD65 (λ)C(λ)dλ 380 780 ∫ acv{X(λ)} ≈ 106,25acv{X(λ)} Light source Specification Ac (–) Daylight D65 100 Black body 2,700 K 4,000 K 5,000 K 6,500 K 8,000 K 20,000 K 100,000 K 36 64 82 100 116 156 181 Fluorescent Warm white 827 Cool white 840 Daylight 950 Cool daylight 965 Blue 2,700 K 4,000 K 5,000 K 6,500 K TL-D Blue 27 55 83 95 to 105 740 Incandescent General Halogen 2,800 K 2,900 K 36 40 LED Warm white Cool white (daylight) Blue Green Red 2,850 K 6,800 K 450 nm 520 nm 630 nm 36 90 875 52 0,4 Arc lamp Sodium Sodium Metal halide 942 Metal halide 965 High pressure Low pressure 4,200 K 6,500 K 8 to 13 0,2 69 100 dentistry 12016