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Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Volume 2 | Issue 1/2016 71 Figs. 3 & 4 Fig. 3 Radiographic control of the implant at the baseline. Fig. 4 Radiographic control of the implant after five years. All ofthe patients received oral antibiotics (Aug- mentin, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK; 2 g per day) for six days. Postoperative pain was con- trolled by administering 100 mg nimesulide (Aulin, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzer- land) every 12 h for two days, and detailed in- structions on oral hygiene were given, including mouth rinsing with 0.12% chlorhexidine (Chlor- hexidine, Oral-B, Boston, Mass., U.S.) for seven days. Suture removal was performed at eight to ten days. The temporary restorations remained in situ forthree months, and afterthis period de- finitive restorations were placed (Figs. 1–3). All of the single crowns were metal–ceramic and werecementedwithatemporarycement(Temp- Bond). C l i n i c a l f o l l o w - u p e x a m i n a t i o n Follow-up visits were scheduled at two weeks, as well as one, three and 12 months, during the first year postoperatively and at 24, 36 and 60 months postoperatively. Fiveyears afterimplant placement,thefollowingclinicalandradiograph- ic parameters were assessed at the recall visit: (a) presence/absence of pain or suppuration; (b) presence/absence ofclinicallydetectable im- plant mobility; (c) presence/absence ofprosthet- ic complications atthe implant–abutment inter- face; (d) presence/absence of periimplant radiolucency; and (e) distance between the im- plant shoulderandthefirstvisible bone–implant contact (DIB). Periapical radiographs were taken atthe baseline (immediatelyafterimplant place- ment) and at the yearly scheduled follow-up session.16 Radiographs were taken using a Rinn alignment system (DENTSPLY RINN, Elgin, Ill., U.S.) with a rigid film–object X-ray source cou- pled to a beam-aiming device to achieve repro- ducible exposure geometry. Customized posi- tioners made of polyvinyl siloxane were used for precise repositioning and stabilization of the radiographic template. In order to calculate the DIB, changes in the crestal bone level were recorded as changes in the vertical dimension of the bone around the E s t h e t i c e v a l u a t i o n o f i m p l a n t s a f t e r o r t h o d o n t i c s p a c e o p e n i n g t r e a t m e n t Volume 2 | Issue 1/201671