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Volume 2 | Issue 1/2016 27 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Flaple ss so cke t pre se r vati o n pro ce du re Table 1 Demographic data. Table 2 Dimensional changes four months after the ridge preservation procedure. toluidine blue, and examined in transmitted and polarized light using a transmitted light micro- scope (Leitz Laborlux, Leitz, Wetzlar, Germany). One well-trained examiner (GI), who was not in- volved in the surgical treatment, evaluated the histologicalresults. Stati s tic a l a n a lys is Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on all of the data collected, with SPSS software (Version6.1.2;SPSS,Chicago,Ill.,U.S.).Pearson’s chi-squared test was performed for categorical data. The p-value for significance was set at 0.05.Allofthe measurements inthetext andta- bles are given as medians and interquartile ranges (the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles). Results A single-tooth extraction with a flapless ridge preservation procedure was performed for each of the 37 patients enrolled in the study, with a total of 25 molars and 12 premolars that needed to be extracted owing to fracture (42%), non- treatable endodontic lesions (14%) and severe root decay (44%). All of the surgical procedures performed in this study were successful and no complications were observed during the healing period(Table 1). At baseline, the mean width of keratinized gingivawas2.8 ± 0.9 mm(rangeof1.0–5.0 mm). Afterfourmonths,itwas4.6 ± 0.8 mm,showing an increase of 1.8 ± 0.7 mm, which was statisti- callysignificant(p= 0.0001). The thickness of the buccal bone was meas- ured at baseline and ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 mm, with a mean of 2.1 ± 0.7 mm (Table 1). The mean width of the alveolar crest at baseline was 9.2 ± 1.3 mm, and after four months, it was 7.6 ± 1.2 mm; therefore, the mean width of the alveolarcrestshowedadecreaseof1.6 ± 0.5 mm (p< 0.0001).Thecomparisonbetweenthethick- ness ofthe buccalbonewallandthewidth ofthe alveolar crest indicated that the correlation be- tween the two values was statistically signifi- cant(Table 2). Fourmonthsaftertheridgepreservationpro- cedure, the vertical bone loss was 0.2 ± 0.7 mm for mesial sites, 1.1 ± 0.9 mm for buccal sites, Age (years) 40.5 ± 13.5 (20 ← →61) Males 15 Females 22 Experimental sites 37 Molars 25 Premolars 12 Mean buccal bone thickness at baseline (mm) 2.1 ± 0.7 (1 ← → 3) Table 1 Clinical parameters Site Baseline (mm) 4 months (mm) Difference (mm) P-value (baseline vs. 4 months) Mesial 11.4 ± 1.1 11.6 ± 1.3 -0.2 ± 0.7 0.0367 (10 ← → 14) (10 ← → 15) (-2 ←→ +1) Buccal 12.8 ± 1.2 13.9 ± 1.1 -1.1 ± 0.9 0.000000145 (10 ← → 15) (11 ← → 16) (-3 ←→ +1) (1.45 × 10-7 ) Distal 11.2 ± 1.1 11.5 ± 1.1 -0.2 ± 0.8 0.071 (10 ←→ 15) (10 ←→ 14) (-2 ←→ +1) Lingual/ 2.0 ± 1.4 12.9 ± 1.4 -0.9 ± 0.9 0.00000843 palatal (9 ←→ 14) (10 ←→ 15) (-3 ←→ +1) (8.43 × 10-6 ) 9.2 ± 1.3 7.6 ± 1.2 -1.6 ± 0.5 < 0.0001 (7 ← → 12) (5 ← → 10) (-3 ←→ -1) (4.5 × 10-20 ) 2.8 ± 0.9 4.6 ± 0.8 1.8 ± 0.7 < 0.0001 (1 ← → 5) (3 ← → 6) (1 ←→ 4) (5.7 × 10-17 ) Vertical bone changes Horizontal bone changes Width ofkeratinized gingiva Table 2 Volume 2 | Issue 1/201627 Mesial 11.4 ± 1.111.6 ± 1.3 -0.2 ± 0.70.0367 Buccal 12.8 ± 1.213.9 ± 1.1 -1.1 ± 0.90.000000145 Distal 11.2 ± 1.111.5 ± 1.1 -0.2 ± 0.80.071 Lingual/ 2.0 ± 1.412.9 ± 1.4 -0.9 ± 0.90.00000843 9.2 ± 1.37.6 ± 1.2 -1.6 ± 0.5 < 0.0001 2.8 ± 0.94.6 ± 0.81.8 ± 0.7 < 0.0001