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Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation Issue 01/2015

20 Volume 1 | Issue 1/2015 Journal of Oral Science & Rehabilitation obtainhigh-resolutionimagesoftheentiresam- ple. Regions of interest (ROI) were manually de- limited to facilitate identification ofthe different tissues present in each sample. The following variables were recorded at the two study times (eightand12weeks): Corticaldefectclosure: Percentage ofnewbone presentwithintheoriginaldefectwallsintheROI. Residualmaterial:Percentageofgranulespresent insidetheROIinrelationtothetotalarea(Fig.2). Connectivetissue: Connectivetissue orthe con- nective tissue space present inside the ROI ex- pressedaspercentage. New bone: Percentage of new bone present in- sidethemarrowspaceandbetweenthegranules intheROI. S ta tis tic a l analysi s Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Version 20.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., U.S.). After descriptive analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluatethesignificanceofdifferencesbetween TestAandTestB. The Friedman test is the nonparametric equiva- lent of a one-sample repeated measures design or a two-way analysis of variance with one ob- servationpercell.Valueswererecordedasmean ± standard deviation. The Student’s t-test was applied to compare mean averages and to quan- tifyrelationshipsbetweendifferences. Friedman tests the null hypothesis that k re- lated variables come from the same population. For each case, k variables are assigned the rank 1tok.Thestatisticisbasedontheseranks.Equal means were regarded as the null hypothesis, whiletheexistenceofsignificantdifferencesbe- tweenmeansactedasanalternativehypothesis. As significant differences between the means did exist, the null hypothesis was rejected. Sig- nificancewassetat p< 0.05. Results At eight and 12 weeks, no animals had been lost and the surgical zones showed no signs of in- flammation. In all experimental sites, healing wasuneventful.Aftereightand12weeksofheal- ing, keratinized mucosa was observed covering theedentulouszoneswithoutdehiscencesorex- posure of bone or graft granules. The histomor- phometric and histological results of new bone formation, residual graft and connective tissue aftereightand12weeksofhealingaredescribed below. Mi cro - CT e valu ati o n At eight weeks, Test B showed a higher residual volume of graft material (76.22 ± 1.6%) in com- parison with Test A (63.72 ± 5.1%; Figs. 3a–c). A higher reduction in volume was observed at 12 weeks in Test B, which maintained almost 58.53 ± 1.1% of the original volume while sup- porting bone formation compared with Test A (43.91 ± 1.2%;Figs.3d–f&Table1). Hi sto lo gi cal de scr i pti o n at e i ght weeks Cortical defect closure: All groups showed an approximation of the borders and a subsequent reduction of the original critical-size defect. Test B showed the highest defect closure (68.71 ± 1.2%);amixtureofnewboneandgranules formedthe newcorticalbone.TestAshowed par- tial closure (58.95 ± 3.4%) and the control group showed the lowest defect closure (11.23 ± 1.8%). β-TC P b ov in e b iph a s ic bi o mate r i al i ncre ase s bo ne f o rmati o n i n do g mo de l Fig. 2 Fig. 2 Region of interest (ROI) Each defect was identified by one orifice marked with amalgam. The ROI was a polygon delimited by the lateral walls of the defect on both sides, coronally by the upper cortical and inferiorly by the basal cortical (5× magnification, Lévai– Laczkó staining). CDC = cortical defect closure; CT = connective tissue; NB = new bone; MB = mature bone.

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