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case report I the sinus elevation.7 A bone height of 4 mm at the sinus floor enables simultaneous augmentation and implantation. The greater the amount of re- maining bone, the better the possibility for simul- taneousaugmentationandimplantationis,andthe greater the amount of remaining hard tissue, the bettertheprospectforaonce-offprocedureis,with decreasedmorbidity.ThegoalsofSPareconserving hard and soft tissue, as well as expanding the tis- sue. This is not a bone augmentation procedure in the classical sense. Thepresentanalysisassessedaseriesofconsec- utivecasestreatedwithSPandRPinaprivatemax- illofacialpracticewithdaysurgery.Inparticular,the need for further augmentation procedures after complete healing of the socket was evaluated. Biologyofhealingofthehumandentalsocket Immediately after tooth extraction, a coagulum is formed at the extraction site. After seven days, the socket is filled with granulation tissue; at 20 days, this is replaced with fibrous tissue. Re- modelling leads to osteoid formation after seven days, which will ossify two-thirds of the alveolus within 38 days. Within four days, the epithelium germinates. Complete epithelisation requires at least 24 days.8 Caninestudieshaveshownthatthelossofbun- dle bone, vascularisation, and ingrowth of woven boneoccursat14daysaftertoothextraction.Early- phase remodelling with a high degree of minerali- sation combined with osteoclastic deterioration has been shown from Day 30 onwards. At Week 8, bonecoversthecoronalpartofthesocketandmar- row develops in the central part.1 Between Days 60 and 180, the woven bone is replaced by bone mar- row.6 Maintenance of the bone level by SP and RP af- ter tooth extraction occurs as follows: in the aug- mented alveolus, Geistlich Bio-Oss Collagen sta- bilises the mineralised bone matrix. The natural re- sorption of bone is compensated for by the newly formed bone, and the profile of the ridge remains steady to a large extent. The loss of bundle bone cannot be eliminated completely.9 _Materials and methods From March 2006 to October 2009, 52 patients (19 males and 33 females) were treated by SP or RP with a planned approach for implant surgery in 72 cases. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Clinical and radiographic data on the degreeofboneresorption,thequantityandquality of the hard and soft tissue, and the augmentation procedure needed was collected from the time of extraction until the uncovering of the fixtures and the patient’s release for prosthetic therapy. All the cases were photographed, and the same physician performed all of the implant surgeries. The median ageofthepatientswas49.0±15.9yearsatthetime Fig. 2_Degree of resorption of the buccal wall immediately after tooth extraction. Fig. 3_Time of second-stage surgery after complete healing of the sockets. Fig. 4_Bone quality according to Misch’s classification after complete socket healing at the time of second-stage surgery. Fig. 5_Bone quantity according to Cawood’s classification after complete socket healing at the time of second-stage surgery. I 29implants3_2015 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 2 Fig. 3