Dental Tribune Pakistan Edition

Editor - Online Haseeb Uddin CLINICAL PRACTICE4 DENTAL TRIBUNE Pakistan Edition March 2015 ental and skeletal asymmetries, as well as bone defects at the implant site, can interfere with good aesthetic outcomes and thus pose surgical and prosthetic challenges for dentists in clinical cases. In this article, Dr Riccardo Verdecchia (Italy), an experienced dentist with a focus on periodontology, implant dentistry and fixed prosthodontics, describes treatment planning and implant placement in a patient with a vertical fracture of the maxillary left central incisor who showed a number of risk factors that had led to the fracture. Initial situation A 38-year-old male patient with a non-contributory medical history presented owing to a vertical fracture of the maxillary left central incisor (tooth #21). The patient showed a combination of risk factors that together had led to the fracture: the absence of the ferrule effect, short posts, bruxism, and occlusal overload due to premature contacts during protrusive movements (Figs. 1–3). Treatment plan Based on the clinical and radiographic examination, the aesthetic risk profile was determined to range from medium to high on the International Team for Implantology’s aesthetic risk assessment guidelines. Horizontal and vertical bone defects were detected, with a distance of 6 mm from bone level to the contact points (Fig. 4). A delayed implant placement (Type 2) was planned in order to achieve complete healing of the soft tissue before the guided bone regeneration procedures and implant placement. In order to minimise the number of surgical appointments and reduce the overall morbidity, a simultaneous approach of periodontal and implant surgery was preferred. The periodontal tissue of tooth #11 was modified along with implant surgery on region #21 with two different objectives: (a) to increase the ferrule effect and move the mid-facial soft- tissue margin slightly upwards to improve the harmony of the scalloped mucosal line (Fig. 5); and (b) to hide the dark underlying appearance of the root with a connective tissue graft (Fig. 2). The initial phase involved the removal of the fractured tooth #21 utilising a periotome. The extraction socket was filled with a collagen plug to achieve stabilis ation of the blood clot during the initial healing of the soft tissue. A Maryland bridge was cemented on the same day and modified to avoid interferences during protrusive movements (Fig. 6). Procedure First surgical procedure Six weeks later, periodontal and implant surgery were performed. A mid-crestal incision was executed on the implant site. At this stage, scalloped incisions were applied on the palatal and buccal sides of tooth #11. Afterwards, bucco- oral ostectomies on the root were performed for the previously described goals. The tiny interproximal bone peak was treated with due respect and left untouched (Fig. 7). Subsequently, a Straumann Bone Level implant (? 4.1 mm, SLActive 12 mm) was inserted in the correct 3-D position to replace tooth #21 (Fig. 8). Shortly afterwards, autogenous bone chips were harvested locally and applied to cover the dehiscence-type defect. A layer of Straumann BoneCeramic (400–700 µm) was placed to overcontour the external surface of the facial bone. The grafting material was covered with a non-cross-linked collagen membrane in accordance with guided bone regeneration principles (Fig. 9). A double-layer technique was used to improve the stability of the membrane. Once perfused with blood, the membrane could be easily adapted to the alveolar bone crest and did not require any additional fixation. Tension- free primary wound closure was achieved with horizontal mattress sutures after splitting the periosteum at the base of the flap (Fig. 10). The ovate pontic was ground to avoid pressure on the tissue below. The provisional bridge was then recemented (Fig. 11). Second surgical procedure The stability of the provisional bridge allowed an extended interval (four months) for the final flattening of the ridge contour due to remodelling of the alveolar bone. A roll flap technique was then regarded as adequate to compensate for a by Dr Riccardo Verdecchia, Italy Periodontal and peri-implant tissue management in the aesthetic zone Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 D

Dental Tribune Pakistan Edition

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