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Trends & Applications DENTALTRIBUNE Asia Pacific Edition No. 1+2/201516 ToassesstheinfluenceofCBCT inthedentalliterature,theauthor performed a PubMed literature search in October for the words cone beam CT, cone beam CT + dental, cone beam CT + dental implants, cone beam CT + ortho- dontics, cone beam CT + oral surgery, cone beam CT + endo - dontics in the search line. The results are in Table 1. Evaluation of Table 1 data clearly shows a significant pres- ence in the literature of articles pertaining to the use of CBCT in the various disciplines in dentis- try. The vast majority of literature discoveredpertainstoaddressing the use of CBCT in treatment planning and diagnosis of pa- tients in dental implant therapy, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, and endodontics. Articles on new applications of CBCT technology to patient care werealsoprevalentinthesample. Some articles addressed the risk and benefits of CBCT but none denounced CBCT as harmful to the patient or insignificant in treatment planning and diagno- sis. Two similar PubMed reviews of the literature on CBCT were performedbyauthorsAlamrietal (Applications of CBCT in dental practice: A review of the litera- ture. Gen Dent 2012: 60(5): 390–400) and De Vos et al (Cone- beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacialregion:Asystematic review of the literature. Int J Oral MaxillofaxSurg2009;38:609–625). Both of these exhaustive articles demonstrate the plethora of lit- erature addressing CBCT and its applicationinthemanydisciplines in dentistry. Professional Guidelines For a technology such as CBCT to become a standard of care in dentistry, guidelines for its use and application in pa- tient care must be established by the organisational bodies of thosedisciplinesindentistrywho employ the technology to treat patients. In dentistry, the dental practitioners most involved in the use and application of CBCT in patient care include general dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, endodontists, oral and maxillofacial radiologists, ortho- dontists, and periodontists. The American Dental Associ- ation has over 180,000 licensed dentists representing approxi- mately 75 per cent of dentists in the USA. The American Dental Association published an advi- sory statement article in its principal journal, The Journal of the American Dental Association, in August 2012. The article dis- cusses the many positive aspects of CBCT, but stops short of calling CBCT a new standard of care. Rather, the ADA encourages the dentist to use CBCT “selectively, as an adjunct to conventional radiography”. The ADA further recognises the value and pres- ence of CBCT by including CBCT- related courses at its annual meetings and continuing educa- tion courses during the year. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (AAOMS) has over 9,000 mem- bersrepresentingapproximately 95 per cent of oral and maxillo - facial surgeons practising in theUS.Literatureaddressingthe application of CBCT in oral and maxillofacial surgery has been around since 2007. The AAOMS hasofferedcontinuingeducation in the use and application of CBCT for patient care as far back as 2011.The AAOMS has worked with the IAC to develop guide- lines and accreditation criteria for 3-D CBCT imaging. In a re- cent survey of OMFS residency programmes, 87 per cent of programme directors acknowl- edged the use of CBCT in patient care by their residents. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists (AAOMR) have released a formal position paper on CBCT. This paper makes many important points, such as limiting the field of vision to minimise radiation exposure and increase resolu- tion, careful patient selection in CBCT, and the responsibility of the clinician to interpret the entire image. The position paper goes on to declare “the use of CBCT in endodontics should be limited to the assessment and treatment of complex condi- tions”. The article then lists nine of these “complex conditions”. Insummation,thepositionpaper recognises the value of CBCT as AD fl page 14DT ‡ page 18DT Key words in search Number of articles Year article first appeared CBCT 5,537 1988 CBCT + dental 1,951 1998 CBCT + dental implant 617 2002 CBCT + orthodontics 725 2003 CBCT + oral surgery 1,041 1998 CBCT + endodontics 313 2007 Table I DTAP0115_14-18_Whitesides 09.02.15 11:00 Seite 2 CBCT 5,5371988 CBCT + dental 1,9511998 CBCT + dental implant 6172002 CBCT + orthodontics 7252003 CBCT + oral surgery 1,0411998 CBCT + endodontics 3132007 DTAP0115_14-18_Whitesides 09.02.1511:00 Seite 2