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ePaper created 2014-07-29, 09:08:59 | version 1.30.01
I research Fig. 1_The tissue reaction to the triphasic bone substitute material at day 3 after implantation: a) a total scan of the bone substitute, which was located within the connective tissue (CT: connective tissue; EP: Epidermis; OR: outer cell-rich region; IR: inner region) (H&E-staining, total scan, 100x magnification); b) the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the outer region (Movat’s pentachrome staining, 400x magnification; scale bar = 100 µm); c) inner region (IR), in which the -TCP granules (TCP) were embedded (asterisks) (Movat’s pentachrome staining, 100x magnification; scale bar = 100 µm). _Introduction In the recent years biomaterial research has fo- cused on developing a reliable and safe alternative to autologous bone for augmentation in case of a re- ducedlocalboneamount.Asautologousbonehasos- teoinductive, osteoconductive and osteogenic prop- erties, it is postulated to be the gold standard in peri- implant hard tissue augmentation.1 Xenogenic bone substitutes, originating from animals of different species and processed in different steps, are well re- searched and accepted from both surgeons and pa- tients.2 Alloplastic bone substitutes from syntheti- cally manufactured hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-trical- cium phosphate (-TCP) or a mixture of these two compounds have been reported to be biocompatible, degradable and osteoconduktive.3-7 During integration in the host tissue, parameters such as the potential induction of an inflammatory response, the biomaterial vascularisation and degra- dation play an important role.8-14 By modifying the chemical and physical characteristics of a biomater- ial,i.e.itschemicalcompositionanditssurfacestruc- turemorphologyandporosity,itseemstobepossible totailoralloplasticbonesubstitutematerialsindivid- ually to specific requirements.9 From a number of in vitro and in vivo trials it is known that beside the chemicalcomposition,thegranulesizealsohasasig- nificant impact in the degradation behaviour of syn- thetic bone substitute materials. Granules with a mean size larger than 500 µm and a low porosity are moreslowlydegradedandresisttheingrowthofcon- nective tissue in the implantation bed more than granules smaller than 50 µm.9,12,15-17 However, small granulesmightbemoresuitablefordifferentkindsof defect classes. With a combination of small, pure-phase -TCP granules,whichserveasbioactivefillers,andacarrier matrix of methylcellulose (MC) and hyaluronic acid (HY), the fast degradation of the small granules and the connective tissue influx might be prevented by the aqueous phase. All three components, the -TCP, the MC and the HY are known to be biocom- patible2-6,18-25 and have optimal mechanical and reg- ulatingproperties,whicharefavourablefortissueen- gineering and regeneration.20-35 Additionally, bioma- terialmightalsobeeasiertohandle,asitispaste-like and therefore injectable into the augmentation site. Theaimofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatethe inflammatoryresponse,aswellastheoverallintegrity withintheimplantationbed,thedegradationbehav- Injectable bone substitute based on -TCP granules Results from an in-vivo analysis inWistar rats Authors_M. Barbeck, J. Lorenz, C. Landes ,R.A. Sader, C.J. Kirkpatrick & S. Ghanaati, Germany 06 I implants2_2014 Fig. 1a Fig. 1b Fig. 1c