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industry report _ diode lasers I Thus, uneven gingival areas or gingival areas dam- aged iatrogenically during abutment preparation are removed and haemostasis is achieved. If light oozing bleeding occurs, haemostasis is achieved punctually vialaserfibrebyincreasingthepulseenergy(Fig.4).For this,onlylittleanaesthesiaisnecessaryandtheproce- dure is much more pleasant for the patient. If a scan- ningsystemdemandstheuseofpowderinordertoim- prove optical impression taking, special care must be taken to ensure that the powder does not bind with bloodorcervicularfluid.Otherwise,opticalimpression takencouldprovideimpreciseresultsandthuscannot beusedasthestartingpointofthedigitalprocesschain. After the working field was prepared as described and the complete preparation level range is easily accessible by the clinician and can be prepared dryly (Fig. 5), the impression taking technique favoured by thedentistcanbeperformed. Laser application is seen as part of the prosthetic quality management in my practice and is thus a stan- dardisedaspectofeverypreparation.Immediatelybefore the drainage, precision impressions are taken. For this, I often use individual impression trays and Impregnum (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), as can be seen from Fig- ure 6. The dental technicians in our team check the im- pression by stereo magnifying glasses and release it for furtherprocessing.Aftertheclassicalproductionofthe model from superhard plaster, the digital process chain startswiththestriplightscannerS600ARTI(Fig.7). _Strip light scanner S600 ARTI The all-automatic, optical strip light scanner S600 ARTI (Zirkonzahn) with two cameras, precision gears without tooth belt and 360° rotation and 100° swivel axis,digitalmodelscanningofalmostanyobjectispos- sible with a precision of about seven micron. Differ- encescanthusberegisteredeasily.Theoversizedmeas- uring field of 95 x 75 x 100 mm allows for complete scans of the articulator or the whole arch (Figs. 8 & 9). CombinedwiththesoftwareZirkonzahn.Scan,itisthe only scanning system by which the dental technician can register his own laboratory articulator with the scannerundmeasureitsaxes.Thisisnecessaryforren- deringrealisticarticulatorsituationswithregardtothe facial arch in the three-dimensional system of coor- dinates of the software. When the model situation is depictedonthemonitor,theresultofthedentalprepa- ration after exposure of the levels via laser can be de- pictedindetail(Fig.10).Thisisanotheropportunityfor thetreatmentteamtocheckforerrors.Articulationand layerdepthsoftheplannedceramicrestorationcanbe depicted as seen in Figures 11 and 12. Then, the opti- mum occlusal planes as well as the form of crown or partialcrowncanbeplanned(Figs.13&14).Inaddition to the milling machine M5, the scanner S600 ARTI forms a component of the CAD/CAM system 5-TEC (Zirkonzahn) that we use in our practice laboratory. Of course, every step of the process is guided by know-how and expertise in dental technology, which must not be underestimated during sintering process, individualizationorveneering. _Laser light in the placement of the prosthetic restoration Afterthedentallaboratoryfabrication,wehavecome the full circle with the placement of the full ceramic restoration, for again we need cleanliness and a dry workingfieldfreeofbleedingforthisfinaldentaltreat- ment step. Often, localized gingivitis with an increased bleeding propensity can occur postoperatively or due to the temporary restoration, which often interlocks a number of prepared teeth to achieve stability. Further- more, personal oral hygiene of the patients, especially flossing, is limited at this stage, which can cause local- izedgingivitis.Gingivalhyperplasiaalsosometimesoc- curs,butitcanberemovedpreciselyandwithinseconds bydiodelaser.Thisholdsespeciallytrueforthehaemos- tasisofcapillarybleedingandthedrainageofthegingi- valsulcusincloseproximitytothepreparationmargin. This is the only way to make sure that the various bonding cements or bonding systems are applied accordingtothemanufacturer’sinstructions. _Conclusion Diode lasers are mandatory for an effective quality improvement in the beginning and at the end of the digital process chain. The form of the preparation, especially the preparation margin, must be depicted precisely, whether in analogous impression taking or digital scanning via optical techniques. The routinely application and consequent use of laser technique are the basis for clinical long-term success of the pros- thetic restoration. It can therefore help to meet the highdemandsofthepatients._ Editorial note: A complete list of references is available fromthepublisher. I 35CAD/CAM 4_2013 Prof.(Univ.Shandong) Dr Frank Liebaug Praxis für Laserzahnheilkunde und Implantologie Arzbergstr.30 98587 Steinbach-Hallenberg,Germany Tel.:+49 36847 31788 frankliebaug@hotmail.com www.laserzahnarzt-liebaug.de CAD/CAM_contact