ortho the international C.E. magazine of orthodontics

I 19ortho3_2012 C.E. article_ Bent Wire System I dontic System produces arch development, and at the same time, the mandibular relocation effect is produced by the Trainer (Usumez, 2004; Ramirez- Yañez, 2005a; Quadrelli, 2002), which treats the distalpositionofthemandible.Additionally,theBWS Orthodontic System is shown to not only improve the overjet and overbite but to maintain them when they are correct at the beginning of treatment. This system treats muscular dysfunctions, which may be the cause of crowding and malocclusion and may cause relapse after treatment is finished. Thus, the BWS Orthodontic System may be pro- posed as an excellent alternative form of treatment in those cases where arch development is required to align teeth, patients want to minimize or even avoid brackets and extractions, the mandible needs to be relocated, soft-tissue dysfunction is present and treatment needs to be performed in a reason- able period of time._ _References 1) Adkins MD, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Arch Perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;97:194–199. 2) Akkaya S, Lorenzon S, Ucem TT. Comparison of dental arch perimeter changes between bonded rapid and slow maxillary expansionprocedures.EurJOrthod1998;20:255–261. 3) Chung CH, Font B. Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 126:569–575. 4) DewelBF.Serialextraction:itslimitationsandcontraindications inorthodontictreatment.AmJOrthod1967;53:904–921. 5) Hime DL, Owen AH 3rd. The stability of the arch expansion effectsonFrankelappliancetherapy.AmJOrthodDentofacial Orthop1990;98:437–445. 6) Housley JA, Nanda RS, Curier GF, McCune DE. Stability of transverse expansion in the mandibular arch. Am J Orthod DentofacialOrthop2003;124:288–293. 7) Iseri H, Ozzoy S. Semirapid maxillary expansion – a study of long term transverse effects in older adolescents and adults. AngleOrthod2004;74:71–78. 8) Lima RM, Lima AL. Case report: Long-term outcome of Class II,division1malocclusiontreatedwithrapidpalatalexpansion andcervicaltraction.AngleOrthod2000;70:89–94. 9) Lima AC, Lima AL, Filho RM, Oyen OJ. Spontaneous mandibular arch response after rapad palatal expansion: a long term study on Class I malocclusión. Am J Orthod DentofacialOrthop2004;126:576–582. 10) McNamara JA Jr, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Herberger TA. Rapid maxillaryexpansionfollowedbyfixedappliances:along-term evaluationofchangesinarchdimensions.AngleOrthod2003; 73:344–353. 11) Motoyoshi M, Hirabayashi M, Shimazaki T, Nawra S. An experimental study on mandibular expansion: increases in archwidthandperimeter.EurJOrthod2002;24:125–130. 12) Quadrelli C, Gheorgiu M, Marcheti C, Ghiglione V. Early Myofunctional approach to skeletal Class II. Mondo Orthod 2002; 2:109–122. 13) Ramírez-Yáñez GO, Farrell C. Soft tissue dysfunction: A missing clue when treating malocclusions. Int J Jaw Func Orthop 2005; 5. 14) Ramírez-Yáñez GO, Junior E, Sidlauskas A, Flutter J, Farrell C. The effect of a pre-fabricated functional appliance on arch development. 2005 (in preparation). 15) Sari Z, Uysal T, Usumez S, Basciftci FA. Rapid maxillary expansion. Is it better in the mixed or in the permanent dentition? Angle Orthod 2003; 73:654–661. 16) Spillane LM, McNamara JA Jr. Maxillary adaptation to expansion in the mixed dentition. Semin Orthod 1995; 1:176–187. 17) StuartDA,WilkshireWA.Rapidpalatalexpansionintheyoung adult: Time for a paradigm shift? J Can Dent Assoc 2003; 69:374–377. 18) Usumez S, Uysal T, Sari Z, Basciftci FA, Karaman AI, Guray E. TheeffectsofearlypreorthodonticTrainertreatmentonClass II, division 1 patients. Angle Orthod 2004; 74:605–609. 19. Yagci A, Uysal T, Kara S and Okkesim S. The effects of myofunctional appliance treatment on the perioral and masticatory muscles in class I, division 1 patients. World Journal of Orthodontics 2010; 11:117–122. Chris Farrell, BDS, graduated from Sydney University in 1971 with a comprehensive knowledge of tra- ditional orthodontics using the BEGG technique. Through clinical experi- ence, he took an interest in TMJ/TMD disorder and, after further research, Farrell discovered that the etiology of malocclusion and TMJ disorder was myofunctional, contradicting the cur- rent views of his profession. Farrell founded Myofunctional Research Co. (MRC) in 1989 and has become the leading designer of intra-oral appli- ances for orthodontics, TMJ and sports mouthguards. German O. Ramirez-Yañez, DDS,PhD,isadentistfromColombia (South America) with more than 20 years of experience in guiding cranio- facial growth and development. He is a specialistinpediatricdentistry(Mexico) and functional maxillofacial orthoped- ics (Mexico and Brazil) and is trained in orthodontics (Mexico). Ramirez has a master’s in oral biology and a PhD in dental sciences (Australia). He has published more than 20 articles about early orthodontic treatment and about craniofacial biology in peer- reviewed international journals. _about the authors ortho