ortho the international C.E. magazine of orthodontics

I 11ortho3_2012 C.E. article_ Combination Technique I shape. If the wire is tied tightly to the teeth, forces are transmitted reciprocally between the individual teeth in the arch. Anyextraneousforcesarecontrolledasaresultof the anchorage unit. During the late 1970s, Fo- gel and Magill introduced a second- generation combination bracket, which featured a doubleself-ligatingattachmentbrackettofacilitate wire insertion. It was called the “Modular Self-Locking Appli- ance System: Variation of the Combination Tech- nique.” The success of this bracket was hindered by the deficiencies in the metallurgy technology. The locking mechanism fatigued after several adjustments. The availability of light memory wires had not yet appeared, necessitating more frequent wire changes. Still, the concept was sound. The Combination Technique was used well into the 1990s and was modified by many of its proponents. During the 1990s, most orthodontists employed some form of light-wire edgewise technique with pre-angulated and pre–torqued brackets. Ligatureless Edgewise brackets first appeared in the1930swiththeRussellLockappliance(Sathleret al.,2011),whichwasanattempttoimprovetheclin- ical effectiveness for moving teeth while reducing the time required to ligate a wire into the brackets. Numerous articles regarding self-ligating or- thodontic brackets can be found in the literature (Self-ligating brackets, 2012), with more than 20 originalpatentsfornewself-ligatingbrackets;some have gone by the wayside and some have lasted the test of time. Sathler et al. (2011) provided an excel- lent review of the literature regarding self-ligating brackets used in orthodontics. It is interesting to note that many articles de- scribe self-ligating brackets as either the new buz- zword or as a faster and more efficient method of tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. However, in reality the self-ligating bracket has prevailed since the 1930s. It has been more than 50 years since Dr. Raymond Begg introduced his “Light ArchWireTechnique”inthelate1950s(Begg,1961), and Fogel and Magill introduced their Combination Technique in the late 1960s (Fogel & Magill, 1969), yetseldomaretheycitedinarticles,referencelistsor bibliographic lists for self-ligating brackets. As John F. Kennedy (1963) so adroitly stated, “A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on … we must find time to stop and thank the people who make a difference in our lives.”_ _References 1) Begg,R.(1961).Lightarchwiretechnique.AmericanJournal of Orthodontics; 47(1): pp. 30–48. 2) Fogel M. & Magill J. (June 1969). A fundamental re- appraisal of popular techniques with a collective approach towardappliancetherapy.AmericanJournalofOrthodontics; 55(6):705–713. 3) FogelM.&MagillJ.(July1970).Retrospectiveonprogressive dentofacialchangesaftertreatmentandretention.Journalof Clinical Orthododontics; 4(7):407–417. 4) Fogel M. & Magill J. (1972). The Combination Technique in orthodontic practice. J.B. Lippincott Co: Philadelphia, PA. 5) Fogel M. & Magill J. (Sept 1976). The modular self- locking appliance system — A variation in the Combination Technique (Part 1): Journal of Clinical Orthododontics; 10(9):653–660. 6) Fogel M. & Magill J. (Oct 1976). The modular self-locking appliancesystem—AvariationintheCombinationTechnique (Part2):JournalofClinicalOrthododontics;10(10):728–741. 7) Fogel M. & Magill J. (Nov 1976). The modular self-locking appliance system — A variation in the Combination Technique (Part 3): Journal of Clinical Orthododontics; 10(11):826–835. 8) Fogel M. & Magill J. (Dec 1976). The modular self-locking appliance system — A variation in the Combination Technique (Part 4): Journal of Clinical Orthododontics; 10(12):906–917. 9) Fogel M. & Magill J. (Jan 1977). The modular self-locking appliance system — A variation in the Combination Technique (Part 5): Journal of Clinical Orthododontics; 11(1):51–59. 10) Fogel M. & Magill J. (1982). Begg and straight wire: a combination approach to treatment” American Journal of Orthodontics; 81(3):253. 11) John F. Kennedy. (1963). Quotations by John F. Kennedy. http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/3047.John_F_ Kennedy 12) Messinger, S. & Tartakow, G. (2008). Combination Technique 1976 vs. 2008 utilizing Leone’s revolutionary slide™ ‘no-friction’ ligature — Part I, Ortho Tribune, New York City: (3) 2/3, p 8–9. 13) Messinger,S.&Tartakow,G.(2008).CombinationTechnique 1976 vs. 2008 utilizing Leone’s revolutionary slide™ ‘no friction’ ligature — Part II, Ortho Tribune, New York City: (3) 4, p 22. 14) Sathler, R., Silva, R., Janson, G., Cabral, N., Branco, C., & Zanda, M. (2011). Demystifying self-ligating brackets. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics; 16(2): 50.e1–8. 15) Self-ligating brackets. (2012). http://scholar.google.com/ scholar?q=Self-ligating+orthodontic+brackets&hl=en &as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ei=AB1TT8ioI MeViALW8YQ-&ved=0CEIQgQMwAA Dennis J. Tartakow, editor in chief of the Ortho Tribune, practiced orthodontics, tempo- romandibular joint (TMJ) disor- ders and orofacial pain therapy in Palm Beach, Fla., and now resides in Marina del Rey, Calif. Tartakow is a consultant in orthodontics, TMJ disorders, orofacial pain, practice man- agement and health-care ad- ministration. He counsels pre- and post-graduate students, orthodontists and health-care practitioners and has provided expert testimony in numerous orthodontic, TMJ and medico- legal litigation cases. Hisprofessionalaccomplish- ments include being a diplo- mate of the American Board of Orthodontics;adiplomateofthe AmericanBoardofSpecialCare Dentistry; and a certified dental editor. He is clinical associate professorandformerdirectorof the TMD section, postgraduate orthodontic department, Nova Southeastern University, Col- lege of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; senior attend- ing, postgraduate orthodontic section, Albert Einstein Medical Center, The Maxwell S. Fogel DepartmentofDentalMedicine, Philadelphia; and clinical asso- ciate professor, orthodontic de- partment, craniofacial sciences and therapeutics, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles; former primary adjunct professor, the Union Institute and University, Graduate College, North Mi- ami Beach, Fla.; and Research Council member of the J. Paul Getty Research Institute and Library, Los Angeles. _about the author